Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Vehicle David Strayer University of Utah.

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Presentation transcript:

Measuring Cognitive Distraction in the Vehicle David Strayer University of Utah

Multitasking and Driver Distraction “Any man who can drive safely while kissing a pretty girl is simply not giving the kiss the attention it deserves.” -- Albert Einstein FACT: People cannot successfully perform two attention-demanding tasks simultaneously without declines in performance on one or both tasks

The Driver Distraction Triad Manual Visual Cognitive High Low Moderate Eyes off the Road Hands off the Wheel Mind off the Drive

An Example of Cognitive Distraction

Observational Study (Intersection Study – 56K Drivers)  Traffic Violations 26.5%  Cell Phone Usage 10.2%  OR: 2.21 (95% CI 2.09 to 2.33) Cell PhoneNo Phone Failed to Stop Stopped Appropriately

Basketball Counting Ta sk Report the pass count for team in white

Inattention-Blindness Test for evidence of cell-phone induced inattention blindness High-fidelity driving simulator Hands-free cell phone Naturalistic conversation with confederate Eye tracker Two phases to the study: Phase 1: Single & dual-task driving Phase 2: Recognition memory tests for objects encountered while driving

Recognition Memory Given Fixation

Encoding or Retrieval Deficits? Encoding deficits Reduced attention to perceptual inputs Clear implications for traffic safety Retrieval deficits Failure to retrieve prior episodes Less clear implications for traffic safety Event-related brain potentials recorded to traffic brake lights Single-task Dual-task

Traffic-related Brain Activity Elicited by Brake Lights Brake

Cognitive Distraction: Inattention Blindness

Successful Navigation to Rest Stop

Cell-Phone Conversation

Passenger Conversation

Are We Reaching a Tipping Point?

Benchmarking Cognitive Distraction ► How do we quantify cognitive sources of distraction? ► How can we use this information to inform public policy?

Benchmarking Cognitive Distraction Sources of Driver Distraction Baseline driving ★ Radio Book on tape Passenger conversation Hand-held phone conversation Hands-free conversation Voice messaging / (speech to text & text to speech) OSPAN task (memory/math task) ★★★★★ Driving Simulator On-Road Vehicle

A New Metric for Cognitive Distraction Driving Simulator Measures Brake RT Following Distance Brain Measures (ERPs to brake lights) NASA TLX (mental workload) Detection-Response Task (new ISO standard) RT to green light (20/80) Miss rate ERPs to green light On-Road Vehicle NASA TLX (mental workload) Brain Measures (ERPs to brake lights) Detection-Response Task (new ISO standard) RT to green light (20/80) Miss rate ERPs to green light

The Detection-Reaction Time (DRT) task The Detection-Reaction Time (DRT) task The DRT Task New ISO Standard 20% Green Targets 80% Red Distractors RT to Targets Missed Targets ERPs to Targets Target Light Microswitch

A New Metric for Cognitive Distraction (DRT Reaction Time) A New Metric for Cognitive Distraction (DRT Reaction Time)

A New Metric for Cognitive Distraction (DRT Accuracy) A New Metric for Cognitive Distraction (DRT Accuracy)

A 5-Star Rating System for Cognitive Distraction A 5-Star Rating System for Cognitive Distraction

Summary and Conclusions Three sources of Driver Distraction Visual Manual Cognitive Cognitive Distraction Inattention blindness Impaired recognition memory, suppressed ERPs Impaired visual scanning (tunnel vision)

Applied Cognition Laboratory