Colonial Life Chapter 1, Section 3

Colonists began smuggling goods Colonists began smuggling goods They felt Great Britain taxed them unfairly They felt Great Britain taxed them unfairly But Britain had established colonies to gain wealth But Britain had established colonies to gain wealth Colonists wanted $ for themselves not Britain Colonists wanted $ for themselves not Britain Navigation Acts restricted trade to ensure profits from the colonies Navigation Acts restricted trade to ensure profits from the colonies Local govs. ruled colonists’ daily lives Local govs. ruled colonists’ daily lives Colonial gov. based on Parliament Colonial gov. based on Parliament

Northern Colonial Economy Commerce-based economy Commerce-based economy Colonists grew only enough crops for themselves Colonists grew only enough crops for themselves Most valuable resource was timber Most valuable resource was timber Also produced rum, textiles, ironworks, other goods Also produced rum, textiles, ironworks, other goods Good harbors—port cities Good harbors—port cities Ports linked colonies to world Ports linked colonies to world

Southern Colonial Economy Agriculture-based economy Agriculture-based economy Cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo Cash crops: tobacco, rice, indigo Two ag systems developed Two ag systems developed Plantations: large farms w/cash crops depending on slave labor Plantations: large farms w/cash crops depending on slave labor Small independent farms Small independent farms Beef & pork for exportBeef & pork for export Corn, wheat, fruit & vegetables for home marketCorn, wheat, fruit & vegetables for home market

Impact of Slavery Labor-intensive cash crops required more & more workers Labor-intensive cash crops required more & more workers Led to increased reliance on slavery Led to increased reliance on slavery Slave trade caused massive human suffering Slave trade caused massive human suffering Triangular Trade Triangular Trade European ships w/manufactured goods (knives, swords, guns, cloth, rumEuropean ships w/manufactured goods (knives, swords, guns, cloth, rum From Africa, human cargo shipped to colonies & soldFrom Africa, human cargo shipped to colonies & sold Ships returned to Europe w/Amer. goods (sugar, cotton, tobacco, molasses)Ships returned to Europe w/Amer. goods (sugar, cotton, tobacco, molasses)

Triangular Trade

Middle Passage Middle leg of triangular trade Middle leg of triangular trade Africans captured by rival Africans & sold or traded to Europeans Africans captured by rival Africans & sold or traded to Europeans Europeans began to capture Africans Europeans began to capture Africans 3000 mile journey from west coast of Africa 3000 mile journey from west coast of Africa 5x3x2 5x3x2 Dark, hot, cramped Dark, hot, cramped million brought to Americas million brought to Americas 1 in 5 die during trip 1 in 5 die during trip

Enlightenment Some Europeans thought logic & reason could improve government Some Europeans thought logic & reason could improve government John Locke: Two Treatises of Government—life, liberty, property John Locke: Two Treatises of Government—life, liberty, property Social contract Social contract Influenced colonial thinkers Influenced colonial thinkers Jefferson, Franklin, Adams Jefferson, Franklin, Adams

Great Awakening Enlightenment thinking affected religion Enlightenment thinking affected religion Enlightenment thinkers saw humans as good Enlightenment thinkers saw humans as good Some denominations taught that humans were wicked Some denominations taught that humans were wicked Religious leaders worried that material values had replaced spiritual values Religious leaders worried that material values had replaced spiritual values A major religious revival began in the colonies in the 1730s A major religious revival began in the colonies in the 1730s

An outstanding leader was Jonathan Edwards An outstanding leader was Jonathan Edwards Appealed to listeners’ fears & emotions Appealed to listeners’ fears & emotions Thousands also came to hear Methodist George Whitefield Thousands also came to hear Methodist George Whitefield Religion became more accessible Religion became more accessible Church membership increased Church membership increased Important in colonies’ relationship with Great Britain Important in colonies’ relationship with Great Britain

Life in the Colonies Scots, Scots-Irish, Germans, French, & Jews began to come to the colonies Scots, Scots-Irish, Germans, French, & Jews began to come to the colonies Created a new American culture—not British or European Created a new American culture—not British or European Cities were lively Cities were lively Some had paved streets & sidewalks Some had paved streets & sidewalks Libraries, bookshops, impressive buildings Libraries, bookshops, impressive buildings Colonial printers became very important Colonial printers became very important

French & Indian War In the 1700s, Britain & France competed for land In the 1700s, Britain & France competed for land French built forts & allied w/Native Americans (fur trade) French built forts & allied w/Native Americans (fur trade) British also built forts & made Native American alliances British also built forts & made Native American alliances 1754, French & Native Americans attacked British 1754, French & Native Americans attacked British British armies were easy targets British armies were easy targets Colonists forced into army Colonists forced into army

1759 British captured French colonial city of Quebec 1759 British captured French colonial city of Quebec Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1763 Treaty of Paris ended the war in 1763

The war unified the colonies The war unified the colonies Britain gained new territory Britain gained new territory Cost of the war would hurt Great Britain Cost of the war would hurt Great Britain Cost of war would be passed on to the colonists Cost of war would be passed on to the colonists Proclamation of 1763 prevented colonists from moving beyond the Appalachian mountains Proclamation of 1763 prevented colonists from moving beyond the Appalachian mountains Many colonists ignored the proclamation Many colonists ignored the proclamation