Slime Practical Place 40 cm3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup.

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Presentation transcript:

Slime Practical Place 40 cm3 of PVA solution into the plastic cup. Measure out 10 cm3 of borax solution and add this to the PVA solution. Stir until the slime forms.

L10 Polymers Learning Objectives: Describe what a polymer is. Describe the process of polymerisation. Describe the properties and uses for polymers. Drpsg polymerisation

What is a polymer? A polymer is a long chain molecule that is formed from small molecules linking together. poly = many Polymers are made from monomers. monomer polymer

How are polymers made? Polymers are made from alkenes. (Remember, one of the products from cracking crude oil is alkenes)

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4 Drpsg polymerisation

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4 Drpsg polymerisation

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4 Each one is unsaturated – it has a double Covalent carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Take 3 ethene molecules - C2H4 To make polymerisation easy to understand draw the double bond horizontal And put everything else above and below Drpsg polymerisation

Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Open the double bond Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain This is polyethene with 3 units in – actual examples have 1000’s of units of ethene in Drpsg polymerisation

Overall Equation Ethene, a monomer Poly(ethene), a polymer Drpsg polymerisation

Different representation the number of repeat units is shown by n . (* not needed) Drpsg polymerisation

Ethene – double bond - turns bromine water from orange to colourless Poly(ethene) – no double bonds No effect on bromine water

Naming Put “poly” in front of the monomer name. Formula Draw the monomer WITHOUT the double bond. Draw bonds out to the sides and put in brackets. Put an “n” in subscript after.

propene – C3H6 Drpsg polymerisation

propene – C3H6 Drpsg polymerisation

Each one is unsaturated – it has a double propene – C3H6 Each one is unsaturated – it has a double Covalent carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Open the double bond Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain This is polypropene with 3 units in – actual examples have 1000’s of units of ethene in Drpsg polymerisation

Overall Equation Propene Poly(propene) Drpsg polymerisation

Different representation the number of repeat units is shown by n . Drpsg polymerisation

Take 3 fluoroethene molecules Drpsg polymerisation

Take 3 fluoroethene molecules Drpsg polymerisation

Take 3 fluoroethene molecules Each one is unsaturated – it has a double Covalent carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Open the double bond Imagine opening the double bond so it Forms a new carbon – carbon bond Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Open the double bond Break the double bond, join it to the next carbon in the chain Drpsg polymerisation

Overall Equation Fluoroethene Poly(fluoroethene) Drpsg polymerisation

Different representation the number of repeat units is shown by n . Drpsg polymerisation

Properties of Polymers The properties of polymers depends on what monomers are used. Scientists can make new polymers with specific properties. Usually polymers are stretchy and can be moulded. Plastics are a type of polymer. Nylon, polyethene, polystyrene, polyester, pvc (polyvinylchloride)

Problems with polymers Polymers are very useful materials. However, they are not biodegradable. This means that polymers do not break down. Plastic waste can remain in landfills for hundreds of years!

HW: Extended Writing Describe what a polymer is and how polymers are formed. Draw an example of a polymer and describe why they are so useful. Drpsg polymerisation

Poly(e)thene One important reaction of alkenes involves the joining together of alkene molecules. H C H C H C H C H C And lots more.. 1 2 3 4 5 thousands This is called addition polymerisation and is written as: Pressure high temperature catalyst n ethene poly(e)thene Drpsg polymerisation

Polypropene Ethene is only one alkene. Other unsaturated molecules such as propene, vinyl chloride and styrene can also be polymerised to produce a range of plastics. E.g. propene Poly(propene) n propene Drpsg polymerisation

PTFE Tetrafluoroethene is another alkene that is made into an important plastic used to coat non-stick pans: polytetrafluoroethene or PTFE. n tetrafluoroethene Poly(tetrafluoroethene) or PTFE Drpsg polymerisation

Cl C H Fill in the products that will be obtained from vinyl chloride Activity Fill in the products that will be obtained from vinyl chloride pvc C H Cl n n Vinyl chloride C Cl H Drpsg polymerisation