1. MAKING POLYMERS L.O: To understand how polymers can be made from alkenes

2. What do these words mean? 1. ‘Mono’ 1. ‘Poly’ 1. ‘synthetic’

3. What do these words mean? 1. ‘Mono’ = single or one 2. ‘Poly’ = means many 3. ‘synthetic’ = man-made

4. Cracking – using heat and a catalyst to break a long chain hyrocarbons but why?... The process can be summarised by: Long chain alkanes → shorter chain alkanes + alkenes e.g. Complete the following equations: C 10 H 22  C 2 H 4 + __________ C 12 H___  C 4 H 8 + C 8 H 18 C 10 H 22 (decane) 800°C + catalyst C 5 H 12 (pentane) C 3 H 6 (propene) C 2 H 4 (ethene) ++

5. Make an ethene molecule using the molymods Can you correct the formula for ethene: c2h4?

6. Monomers and Polymers CC H H H H Ethene Here’s ethene again. Ethene is called a MONOMER because it is just one small molecule. We can use ethene to make plastics… Step 1: Break the double bond Step 2: Add the molecules together: This molecule is called POLYETHENE, and the process that made it is called POLYMERISATION

7. Making polymers (polymerisation) Plastics are made from huge molecules which are made of lots of small molecules (monomers) joined together. e.g. vinyl chloride monomers make poly (vinyl chloride). What do these monomers make? Ethene Propene Styrene

8. Uses of addition polymers Poly(ethene)Poly(propene) Poly(chloroethene), PVCPoly(styrene)

9. The nylon rope trick….watch the demo Making nylon – can you explain the process of polymerisation in order to make a plastic such as nylon? Why is this important?

10. Drawing alkenes Ethene has the formula C 2 H 4 Its displayed formula may be drawn in slightly different forms but should always clearly show the double bond. C H H C H H or Try to draw the structure of 1) propene, 2) Butene and 3) Pentene

11. Propene, Butene and Pentene. CC C H H H H H H CC H HH C C H H H H H CC H HH C C H H H H H H H C Activity

12. Poly(e)thene The joining together of alkene molecules can be called additional polymerisation as thousands of molecules join up which can be called an addition. HH CC H HH HH C C HH HH CC HH HH CC HH HH CC HH And lots more.. addition polymerisation This is called addition polymerisation and is more simply written as: Pressure high temperature catalyst n n ethene poly(e)thene 1 2 3 4 5 thousands

13. Some examples C C n H H H C C n H H H Cl C C n CH 3 H H H C C n H H H Cl C C n F F F F C C n F F F F CH 3 This monomer is called tetrafluoroethene Draw out the simple equation to represent additional polymerisation for each of these monomers. Try also to name the monomer and polymers

14. Quick quiz 1. What is a polymer? 2. What are monomers? 3. What happens during polymerisation? 4. How does the structure of alkenes allow them to form polymers? 5. What is the common name for poly(ethene)? 6. Which alkene is used to make poly(ethene)? 7. Give 2 uses of poly(ethene) 8. What do you need to speed up the additional polymerisation reaction?

15. Creative task Try to design a poster to explain polymerisation