Topping
Why does a plant have leaves? As a store for seed production As a store for seed production
Historical Perspective Late topping/ full bloom Late topping/ full bloom Past Demand Lighter bodied style of tobacco Milder taste Non-filtered Sucker control Hand removal No chemical control
Physiological Aspect of Topping Leaf Spread Leaf Spread Removal of non-beneficial nutrient sink Removal of non-beneficial nutrient sink Root stimulation Root stimulation
Timing Best when 10-25% of plants have one flower open Best when 10-25% of plants have one flower open Effects on plant Darker cured leaf color Prior to physiological maturity Prior to stalk hardening Increases root development More leaf expansion in lower part of plant
Yield Trends Bud Topping Bud Topping Yield loss in many varieties Good for late maturing varieties 10-25% 10-25% Best for most varieties Good quality 50-75% 50-75% Suckers initiated in some varieties 100%+ 100%+ Yield decline Sucker initiation in all varieties Opportunistic diseases Senescence
Disease Incidence Hollow Stalk Hollow Stalk Late Top Harden Stalk Ragged Top
Effects of Topping Time on Yield 12 trials over 10 years
Topping Height Root system Root system Supports a finite leaf yield Leaf number Leaf number 20 leaves Larger leaves Yield Highest sometimesHighest sometimes 26 leaves Smaller leaves Yield No different most timesNo different most times
Effects of Topping Time on Yield 17 trials over 9 years
Effects of Topping Time on Leaf Yield 17 trials over 9 years
Topping Study Labor Comparisons Lawrence Co. – Malcom Smith Farm
On a Larger Scale 6 leaves per plant 6 leaves per plant 42,000 per acre 42,000 per acre Based on7000 population 420, ,000 Based on 10 acres 1,035,000 1,035,000 Based on 24 acres
Maturity Approximately 4 weeks after topping Approximately 4 weeks after topping Influenced by residual N Influenced by residual N Signs Signs White stem & stalk Leaf cracks when bent Bronzing of leaves
Harvesting Timing Timing Yield Increase to 4- 5 wks after topping Decrease after 5 wks after topping Quality High early increase slightly to 3 wks after topping Decline after 3 wks
Effects of Harvest Date on Yield and Quality
Harvest Date Across Five Locations HSD 0.05 = Locations = Bath, Boyle, Clay, Jackson & Pulaski
Effects of Harvest Time on Quality Jackson Co. - Harry Nicholson Farm HSD 0.05 = = Usable Tobacco, 4 to 5 = Marginal, 4 = Non-usable, 3 was described as high color, undesirable, tight faced & immature