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Lesson 8: Satellites and the Moon

What is a Satellite? ► Any object that orbits (or revolves around) another object ► Two Types:  Artificial (man-made)  Natural (occurs naturally)

Earth’s Moon ► Is it a natural or an artificial satellite? ► 1969: Apollo 11 lands on the moon 1969

Earth’s Moon: Formation ► How did it form?  BRAINSTORM: WHAT DO YOU THINK???  Various theories exist but one is currently favored based on samples taken from the moon: Impact Theory Impact TheoryImpact TheoryImpact Theory

Earth’s Moon: Movement ► How does it move in the sky?  Period of Revolution around Earth: 27 1/3 days  Period of Rotation: 27 1/3 days ***Challenge Question*** What unique moon feature results from its having the same periods of revolution and rotation? The same side, or “face,” of the moon always points towards Earth

Earth’s Moon: Phases ► What about its phases?  Varying amounts of the lighted moon as seen from Earth  Period of cycle: ~29.5 days  Caused by the moon revolving around the Earth  “Light starts on the right, Leaves on the left”  8 phases

Moon Phases Practice

Challenge Question

Moon Phases Foldable ► Working together as a class, each of you will make a “Moon Phases Foldable” to use as a study guide

Earth’s Moon: Tides ► What are they and Why do they happen?  Changes in the water levels on Earth ► Most commonly seen in large bodies of water (i.e. oceans)  Caused by gravity’s attraction between the Earth, moon, and Sun – but primarily by its attraction between the Earth and the moon – Why? ► Tenby Harbour (U.K.) Tenby Harbour Tenby Harbour

Earth’s Moon: Tides ► High Tide: a bulge of water on Earth directly under the moon’s position AND on the opposite side of the Earth  Spring Tide: Occur 2x/month when the gravitation effects of the Sun and moon combine (Full, New moon)  Neap Tide: Occur 2x/month when the gravitation effects of the Sun and moon partly cancel out (1 st, 3 rd Quarter moon) ► Low Tide: lower water levels at right angles to the positions of the high tide

Earth’s Moon: Tides

"At high tide the fish eat ants; at low tide the ants eat fish." --Thai Proverb

Challenge Question

Tide Lab

Earth’s Moon: Eclipses ► What are eclipses?  Occur when the Sun, moon, and Earth line up  shadows blocking some or all light (explanation) explanation  Key Parts of a Shadow: ► Umbra:  Darkest part of a shadow  All light blocked ► Penumbra:  Some of the light is blocked  Two Types: Solar and Lunar Solar and Lunar

Earth’s Moon: Solar Eclipse ► Solar Eclipse: Moon passes between the Earth and Sun, blocking out some or all of the Sun’s light  Moon’s Umbra: Moon’s dark inner shadow ► Total, annular eclipses  Moon’s Penumbra: Moon’s faint outer shadow ► Partial eclipses ► Occurs only during the day AND at new moon

Earth’s Moon: Solar Eclipse ► Total Solar Eclipse: Moon blocks out the Sun entirely Total Solar Eclipse: Total Solar Eclipse: ► Partial Solar Eclipse: Moon blocks out a portion of the Sun ► Annular Solar Eclipse: Moon is furthest away in its orbit and can’t block the Sun completely (occur more often than a total solar eclipse) ► Upcoming Solar Eclipses Upcoming Solar Eclipses Upcoming Solar Eclipses

Earth’s Moon: Lunar Eclipse ► Lunar Eclipse: Earth passes between the moon and Sun, so the Earth’s shadow blocks some or all of the moon  Earth’s Umbra: Earth’s dark inner shadow ► Total, partial eclipses  Earth’s Penumbra: Earth’s faint outer shadow ► Penumbral eclipses ► Occurs only at night AND at full moon

Earth’s Moon: Lunar Eclipse ► Total Lunar Eclipse: Entire moon passes through Earth’s umbral shadow Total Lunar Eclipse Total Lunar Eclipse ► Partial Lunar Eclipse: Part of the moon passes through Earth’s umbral shadow ► Penumbral Lunar Eclipse: Moon passes through Earth’s penumbral shadow ► Upcoming Lunar Eclipses Upcoming Lunar Eclipses Upcoming Lunar Eclipses

Challenge Questions

Solar vs. Lunar Eclipse Worksheet (Venn)