CHEMICAL HAZARD & SAFETY THE BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

CLASSIFY CHEMICAL HAZARD The hazard of a chemical needs to be classified for the safe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic chemicals & hazardous wastes

WHY CLASSIFY THE HAZARD?  Rapid determination of the hazardous substance present and the evaluation of the potential threat to people and the environment;  Determine actions that are needed to isolate the hazardous substance and prevent injury or death;  To prepare for safe transportation to storage area or disposal facility; and  Identify the best place for disposal of the toxic and hazardous waste.

BASIC CHEMICAL HAZARD CLASSIFICATION  Use of qualitative analysis to classify hazard into one of 9 Categories  The 9 Categories are those used internationally on Placards  Identify the toxicity or toxicological properties of the toxic hazardous wastes

9 HAZARD CATEGORIES Class 1 - Explosives Class 2 – Flammable Gases Class 3 – Flammable/Combustible Liquids Class 4 – Flam. Solids/Dangerous When Wet Class 5 – Oxidizers and Organic Peroxides Class 6 – Toxic Materials/Infectious Substance Class 7 – Radioactive Materials Class 8 – Corrosive Materials Class 9 - Miscellaneous

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS  Common Chemical Terms: Product: Unused chemicals with known characteristics. Provided in Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) Non-Product: Used chemical (spent), or Wasted into unknown situations, or When mixed with other unknown wastes, no longer has known characteristics. It is now a hazardous waste

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS (continued) Hazardous Substances: Any hazardous chemical elements or compounds or hazardous wastes or a combination of the above. Physical Properties: Color Physical State: liquid, solid, or gaseous

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS (continued) Chemical Characteristics: Acid/Base (pH) –Burns skin, corrodes metal Flammability/Combustibility –Fire –Explosion Reactivity –Air, water, moisture, with other materials

CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL TERMS (continued) Water Solubility – Water pollution Flash Point – Vapor ignite at certain temperature Boiling Point – Indication of physical state – Vapor concentration at given temperature

SUMMARY Classify the toxic hazardous wastes for: – Protection of human health Workers, people, food – Protection of the environment Water, vegetation, air, soil – Safe handling, storage, transportation and disposal of toxic hazardous wastes

SEGREGATION AND SEPARATION OF TOXIC & HAZARDOUS MATERIALS

WHY SEGREGATE AND SEPARATE? Safety – Transportation (trucks, rail boxes) – Shipping – Storage (warehouse, storerooms, temporary indoors or outdoor areas) Reduce hazardous & toxic materials’ harm – To citizens – To environment – To workers International system apply (GHS)

Segregation & Separation Using International Labels Separated & segregated based on IWIC, ICAO or similar systems Labels: found on “small things” - packages – Labels look like Placards, except Labels are smaller (1/3 the size of Placards) Labels are on boxes, cylinders, drums and bottles – Labels indicate the hazard the same as those in the Placards Placards are on trucks, rail cars – “big things”

Segregation of Hazards Concept: Do not place one hazard in the same place as another hazard Example: flammable with toxic gas

The Segregation & Separation Chart

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent Reaction Group 1-AGroup 1-B AcetyleneAcid Sludge Alkaline Caustic LiquidsAcid Water Alkaline CleanersBattery Acid Alkaline Acidic LiquidsChemical Cleaners Caustic Waste WaterEtching Acid Solutions Lime SludgePicking Liquor Lime Waste WaterSpent Acid Solutions Spent CausticsAcid Materials Incompatibility Guide

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent Reaction Incompatibility Guide Group 2-AGroup 2-B Aluminum Any Waste in Group 1-A or 1-B Beryllium Calcium Lithium Potassium Sodium Zinc Powder Reactive Metals Metal Hydrides

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Fire Explosion, Heat & Toxic Gases Incompatibility Guide Group 3-AGroup 3-B AlcoholsAny concentrated wastes WaterFrom Groups 1-A or 1-B Any compoundsSodium Metal containing waterCalcium Metal Lithium Metal Potassium Metal Metal Hydrides SO 2 Cl 2+ SOCl 2+ PCl 2 Water Reactive Wastes

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Heat Generation & Violent Reaction Group 4-AGroup 4-B AlcoholsConcentrated Group 1-A AldehydesOr with Group 1-B Chlorinated Solvents Nitrated Hydrocarbons HydrocarbonsGroup 2-A Organic Solvents Gasoline, Diesels, Fuels Petroleum Products Incompatibility Guide

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) gas or Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) gas Incompatibility Guide Group 5-AGroup 5-B Spent Cyanide Solutions Group 1-B Wastes Spent Sulfide Solutions

Mixing Group A with Group B may cause Fire Explosion, or Violent Reactions Incompatibility Guide Group 6-AGroup 6-B ChloratesAcetic Acid ChlorineOrganic Acids ChloritesMineral Acids Chromic AcidGroup 2-A wastes HypochloritesGroup 4-A wastes NitratesFlammable Wastes Nitric AcidCombustible wastes Perchlorates Permaganates Peroxides Strong Oxidizers

Storage Recommendation Segregation/ Separation Compressed Gas Cylinder Storage Area Flammable Gas Cylinder Non Flammable Gas Cylinder

Flammable Storage Area Corrosive Storage Area

Radioactive Storage Area Poison Storage Area Oxidizer Storage Area Etiological/Infectious

Water Reactive Area Organic Peroxide Storage Area Spontaneously Combustible Dangerous When Wet

Explosive Storage Area

Low Hazard Storage Area Unlabeled low hazard materials (e.g., combustible lubricant or oil) and certain labeled low hazard materials (e.g., lime, label ORM-B) may be stored in a general purpose facility or area

Additional Storage Recommendation Material with more than one hazard (e.g., flammable and poison) should be stored in an area designed to store both types of hazard. Compressed gas cylinders are preferably stored out of doors, protected from the ground beneath and direct sunlight. Separation/ segregation should e by physical means (walls) where possible. Other regulated materials (ORM) should be stored in an area designated for primary hazard of the material (e.g., flammable aerosol, ORM-D, should stored as a flammable liquid). Storage area must meet standard requirements for the hazard.

Mixing of Incompatible Chemicals can be Disastrous Incompatible Mixtures Procedures Ammonia + Bleach =Noxious Fumes Acids +Cyanides =Poison Gas Flammable liquid + Hydrogen Peroxide =Fire/Explosion Acid + Oil or Grease =Fire MEKP+ Any Contamination =Heat/Gassing Acids + Caustics =Heat/Spattering Caustics + Epoxies =Extreme Heat Chloride Gas + Acetylene =Explosion

The consequence of these reaction may result in personal injury, death, property damage, and adverse environmental impact. Avoid mixing incompatible chemicals Separate/ segregate incompatible chemicals When in doubt, consult supervisor.

Flammable Liquid Flammable material can: Burn rapidly Give off intense heat Produce heavy smoke Spread rapidly to other areas. Some chemicals evaporates making the work area unsafe…flammable Evaporation is increased by elevated temperatures.

Corrosive Some chemicals will breakdown into corrosive/ poisonous gases/fumes Applies to hazardous materials labeled: TOXIC, POISON, RADIOACTIVE, ETIOLOGIC AGENTS and others. Corrosive materials can burn your skin eyes.

Toxic/Poison Principal Hazards Poisoning Fire Environmental contamination Fumes, vapors and dust pass quickly into the bloodstream from the lungs

Explosive Some chemicals will EXPLODE in the presence of heat or flame. Hazardous materials such as Flammable Liquids and Compressed Gasses can react like explosive materials.

Water Reactive Spontaneously Combustible Flammable solid include water- reactive and spontaneously combustible materials. Water-reactive materials are likely to become spontaneously flammable or to give off flammable or toxic gasses when in contact with water. Spontaneously combustible materials are likely to burn

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