1. TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS BY AIR
LECTURE 3
CLASSIFICATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS

2. ASSIGNMENT
Choose one example of dangerous goods from class 1-9 (choose only one dangerous goods from one class only). By reference of Annex 18 in Technical Instruction for the Safe Transport of Dangerous Goods, please explain how to manage the dangerous goods from the perspective of ICAO requirement. Hint: 1. Identify the class of dangerous goods. 2. Packaging 3. Marking and Labeling 4. Documentation 5. Acceptance for air transport 6. Handling and storage 7. Procedure and Emergency respond (if required)

3. ASSIGNMENT Your assignment should include: Introduction Body Content
Discussion
Conclusion
Reference

4. DANGEROUS GOODS CLASSIFICATION: INTRODUCTION
Hazardous materials (dangerous goods) will not be accepted
and approved for transport unless:
The material is properly classed
The material is properly described
The material is properly packaged
The material is properly marked
The material is properly labeled
Get permission and approval from authority.

5. KEYPOINT FOR DANGEROUS GOODS
Dangerous goods classes
Class definition
Example of materials
Material characteristic
Material potential risk / threat.
By knowing this, we will distinguish the difference of each dangerous goods classes.

6. Class 1 - Explosives
Definition
An explosives materials.
A solid or liquid substance (or a mixture).
Contain great amount of stored energy that can produce an explosion.
Produce light, heat, sound and pressure.
Produce gas and pressure on their own to a certain temperature and speed by chemical reaction.
Cause damage to surrounding.

7. Sub-class of Class 1 1.1 — Explosives with a mass explosion hazard.
1.2 — Explosives with a blast/projection hazard.
1.3 — Explosives with a minor blast hazard.
1.4 — Explosives with a major fire hazard.
1.5 — Blasting agents.
1.6 — Extremely insensitive explosives.
AMC - TDG 2103 BY SIR ARIFF

8. Examples Fireworks Ammunition (Ammo or material use for war)
Used for aesthetic and entertainment purposes.
Four primary effects are noise, light, smoke, and floating materials.
Common feature of fireworks is a paper tube or casing filled with the combustible material.
Ammunition (Ammo or material use for war)
Bombs (TNT, Dynamite)
Rocket propellant

9. Characteristic & Potential Risk
Burn at very high temperatures
Produce large amounts of gas at high pressures
Risk of explosion which cause damage to surrounding:
- Human
- Structure
Possibility of fire
Risk of splinters

10. Class 2 : Gases
What distinguishes a gas from liquids and solids is the vast separation of the individual gas particles.
Definition & Basic characteristic
Low density and viscosity.
Colorless and invisible to human.
Is completely gaseous at 200c at a standard pressure of kPa.
A gas is a substance which at 500 c has a vapour pressure greater than 300 kPa.

11. Sub-class of Class 2
2.1 Flammable Gas: Gases which ignite on contact with an ignition source, such as acetylene and hydrogen.
2.2 Non-Flammable Gases: Gases which are neither flammable nor poisonous. Includes the cryogenic gases/liquids (temperatures of below -100°C) used for cryopreservation and rocket fuels, such as nitrogen and neon.
2.3 Poisonous Gases: Gases liable to cause death or serious injury to human health if inhaled; examples are fluorine, chlorine, and hydrogen cyanide.
AMC - TDG 2103 BY SIR ARIFF

12. Examples Hydrogen Gas Highly flammable and will burn in air.
Hydrogen dissolves in many metals leading to cracks and explosions.
Ignite spontaneously if the container is leaking.
Chlorine
Toxic gas that irritates the respiratory system.
Strong oxidizer, which may react with flammable materials.

13. Examples
Gas Cylinders
Pressurized containers (aerosol)
Butane
Lighter

14. Characteristic & Potential Risk
Often present in pressurized containers.
Can explode if damage or expose to fire.
Can burn or burst expose to high pressure and high temperature.
Gas can be flammable
Produce low temperature (affect structure)
Displace air (No more oxygen to breath)
Poisonous (cause difficulties in breathing)

15. Class 3 : Flammable Liquids
Definition
Liquid or mixture of liquids
Mixture of liquids containing solids in solution.
Produce flammable vapour at its flash point temperature.
Different liquid or gas has different flash point temperature.
WHAT IS FLASH POINT?

16. Flash Point
Lowest temperature at which it can vaporize to form an ignitable mixture in air.
Every liquid has a vapour pressure, which depends on liquid's temperature.
As the temperature increases, the vapour pressure increases.
As the vapour pressure increases, the concentration of evaporated flammable liquid in the air increases.
Hence, temperature determines the concentration of evaporated flammable liquid in the air.
Each flammable liquid requires a different concentration of its vapour in air to sustain combustion.

17. Example Kerosene - Used in power jet engine aircraft.
- The flash point of kerosene is between 37 and 65 °C and
its auto ignition temperature is 220 °C.
Paint
- Harmful to the environment and especially for people
who work with them on a regular basis
Gasoline
- Primarily used as a fuel in internal combustion engines.
- The flash point of gasoline is - 43 °C and its auto ignition
temperature is 246 °C.

18. Characteristic & Potential Risk
Flammable at certain temperature based on flash point.
Usually flammable at temperature from 60.5 °C °C or below (general description).
Can be easily burn.
Produce dark smoke.

19. Class 4 : Flammable solids.
Definition
Substance which is easily to ignite (either spontaneously or not) and readily combustible.
Substance which in contact with water, emit flammable gas.
Substance which by interaction with water become spontaneously flammable.

20. Sub-Class of Flammable Solids
4.1 Flammable Solids: Solid substances that are easily ignited and readily combustible (nitrocellulose, magnesium, safety or strike-anywhere matches).
4.2 Spontaneously Combustible: Solid substances that ignite spontaneously (white phosphorus)
4.3 Dangerous when Wet: Solid substances that emit a flammable gas when wet or react violently with water (sodium, calcium, potassium, calcium carbide).

21. Examples Nitrocellulose Highly flammable compound
Used as a low order explosive
White phosphorus
Has been extensively used as a weapon.
Capable of causing serious burns or death.
Highly efficient smoke producing agent, burning quickly and causing an instant bank of smoke.

22. Characteristic & Potential Threats
Ignite spontaneously
React with water and easily burn.
Easily ignite and flammable
Produce fire
Produce smoke