EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Compact Green Cities: From an Oxymoron to a Target Dr. Kjell Nilsson Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning.

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Presentation transcript:

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Compact Green Cities: From an Oxymoron to a Target Dr. Kjell Nilsson Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning University of Copenhagen

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 A spectre is haunting Europe...

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 The American Dream – A nightmare for Europe

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Sprawl in Europe Artificial surfacesLand taken from nature and agriculture Land returned to nature and agriculture 16 Billion ha 1 Mill. ha 0,1 Mill. ha +5 % Developments in land cover in EU25 between 1990 and 2000 EEA Report No 10/2006

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Growth & Shrinkage Since the mid 1950s European cities have expanded on average by 78 %, whereas the population has grown only by 33 %

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urbanization on the edges of existing agglomerations Randstad, NL Leipzig - Halle, DE

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 SRES variant scenarios B1 – Smart growth (peak oil) Shock – peak oil & energy price A1 – High growth (hyper-tech) Shock – rapid ICT development B2 – Fragmentation (green enclaves) Shock – pandemic & social exclusion A2 – Self-reliance (extreme water) Shock – climate change & water crises Economic Regional Environ- mental Economic Global Economic

EC Sustainable development – May 2009

Urban sprawl - negative consequences Consumption of land, loss of agricultural land and open space Destruction of biotopes and fragmentation of ecosystems Higher cost of public services, especially transport Increase of the use of private car, traffic congestion Increase in fuel consumption and air pollution Decay of downtown areas Social segregation and reduction of social interaction Poor access to to services for those with limited mobility (SCATTER project)

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Density and Energy Consumption

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Vulnerable City Compact City

EC Sustainable development – May 2009

The potential conflict between mitigation and adaptation MitigationAdaptation Urban density

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 The potential conflict between mitigation and adaptation MitigationAdaptation Urban density

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Oxymoron: Compact Green City StockholmCopenhagenHelsinki

1. Better coordination between transport, land use and open space planning

2. Preservation of the green infrastructure for walking and cycling StockholmHämeenlinna Copenhagen

3. Creat e new urban landscapes of a Compact Garden City Oslo Malmo

EC Sustainable development – May Urban containment and integrated territorial policy approaches

EC Sustainable development – May Promotion of the Urban-Rural Interface GuangzhouTampere

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Ecosystem & QoL Services in the peri-urban Landscape 10 EUR/kg (game) EUR/ha HealthRecreationSocial inclusion EUR/m 3 Biodiversity Air quality Ground water 100 EUR/saved absence day EUR/visit 755 EUR/prevented theft

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 EU grants (CAP) Pasture EUR/hectare Solitary tree 6 EUR Old building 18 EUROpen ditches 6 EUR/100 metres Stone walls 25 EUR/100 metres

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Forestry, Peri-Urban Agriculture Community Activity & Learning Centres Edinburgh den Haag Malmo

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Peri-urban Land Use Relationships (PLUREL) Models and strategies to enhance the understanding and handling of relationships between rural, peri-urban and urban land uses Study and model the demands and competition for resources in Rural-Urban regions Land-use scenarios for Rural-Urban regions in Europe To explore case study regions in order to analyse the implications of planning policies and governance structures, and identify strategies for sustainable development To assess environmental, social and economis impacts of land use changes Enhance learning, cooperation and communication between policy makers, stakeholders, planners and researchers

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Case study regions Haaglanden Leipzig Manchester Warsaw Montpellier Koper Hangzhou

EC Sustainable development – May 2009 PLUREL Newsletter

EC Sustainable development – May