International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Introduction to the discussion(s) on ecosystem services classification Jean-Louis Weber, EEA International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 at EEA premises in Copenhagen

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Worldwide interest for ecosystem services Example: the Australian Ecosystem Services Project

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen SWOT Strong point: economists speaking biology + biologists speaking economy have a chance to attract the attention of policy makers – see the impact of TEEB Weak point: definitions still a bit loose, classifications not enough standardised Opportunity: establish an consensus on a core common international classification to be used in the various programmes (MA, TEEB, GEI, SEEA, IW research, National assessments, Corporate/business accounting…) + establish a system of classifiers (classification system) for multiple purposes Threat: multiplication of ad hoc classifications impairing comparability, aggregation…

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Threats: Examples of variants of the classical MA classification which may lead to inconsistencies…

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Wikipedia: 4+1 –Provisioning services foods (including seafood and game) and spicesseafoodgame precursors to pharmaceutical and industrial productspharmaceutical energy (hydropower, biomass fuels)energyhydropowerbiomass fuels –Regulating services carbon sequestration and climate regulationcarbon sequestrationclimate waste decomposition and detoxificationdecomposition nutrient dispersal and cycling –Supporting services purification of water andwater crop pollination and seed dispersalpollinationdispersal pest and disease controlpestdisease –Cultural services cultural, intellectual and spiritual inspiration recreational experiences (including ecotourism)recreationalecotourism scientific discovery –Preserving services genetic and species diversity for future usegeneticspecies diversity accounting for uncertainty protection of options

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Wallace, 2007

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen More examples at

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen At the same time, improvements are legitimate… Clarifications needed Connect to international standards where relevant (products, trade) Fit specific purposes Scales perspectives

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Costanza 2008: Ecosystem services: Multiple classification systems are needed

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Working nomenclature of ES for the EEA/TEEB Wetlands Accounts Case Study (1)

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Working nomenclature of ES for the EEA/TEEB Wetlands Accounts Case Study (2)

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Bob Scholes, 12 June 2008

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Accounting for ecosystem costs and benefits at 3 different scales… EEA Mediterranean Wetlands Ecosystem Accounts for TEEB (2008) Global scale National & regional government, European market Action level, local scale Migratory Birds Flyways, Wetlands & Bird Flu Prevention Doñana, Spain: Water, Wetland & Strawberries Amvrakikos, Greece: Wetland management, Water & Fish

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Ecosystem services and spatial characteristics

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Services and benefits See also Boyd, J., and S. Banzhaf What are ecosystem services? The need for standardized environmental accounting units. Ecological Economics 63:

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Camargue Wetland Accounts Case Study The Zanzibar table

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen The way forward Build up on existing achievements from the pioneering lists (Daily, De Groot Costanza et al…) to MA conceptual model and classification Do quickly, if needed some marginal adjustments or clarifications in order to come to a consensus on a working core common classification Plan a revision of the classification at the end of the MA2015 process for taking stock of new experiences Open a research agenda for defining/developing a classification system for guiding on purpose classifications – 1 year needed CICES: Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen The early lists: Daily, De Groot, Costanza,

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen The MA classification

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Bob Scholes, 12 June 2008

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Clarification needed ? E.g.: from biodiversity to ecosystem services and benefits (Haines-Young 2006) Intermediate Products Final Products Maintenanc e and restoration costs Economic and social values (sometimes market values).

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen A basis for a consensus

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen The same graph applied to ecosystem accounting (EEA 2008) Physical units Money

International expert meeting on classification of ecosystem services 10 and 11 December 2008 Copenhagen Towards a classification system CICES From services to benefits Zooms on specific issues (biodiversity, catchments, sea, carbon…) Socio-economic focus, property rights… National Accounts (SEEA) Corporate, business accounting Inclusive Wealth Research Spatial breakdowns PES/ IPES markets