1. Ecosystems and services

2. An Ecosystem Approach of Accounting
Spatial integration
Economic sectors
Accounts of flows of ecosystem goods and services
Core accounts of assets & flows
(by ecosystem types, raw quantities)
Material/energy flows
(focus on biomass, water, nutrients, residuals)
Functions & Services
Land use function
Ecosystem services
Supply & use of ecosystem goods and services
(Use of resource by sectors, supply to consumption & residuals, accumulation, I-O analysis)
Counts of stocks diversity / integrity
(by ecosystem types, focus on state, health, resilience)
Ecosystem types
Natural assets accounts
Capital consumption & accumulation (physical units, €)
Natural capital structure, resilience (physical units, by sectors)
Ecosystem assets wealth (€)
Ecosystem Stocks & State Accounts
Natural Capital Accounts/ living & cycling natural capital
Economic integration

3. Accounting for environmental benefits and costs
Benefits: the Demand side
FCGS
GDP Final Use of Ecosystem Services = IDP € €
Final Services
IDP
Inclusive Domestic Product +
(Intermediate consumption)
Additional maintenance cost of the resource
Costs of restoration from ecosystem degradation
Full ecosystem cost of imports
Ecosystem Services
Stocks & flows (quantities)
Resilience/Health (qualities)
Costs: the Supply side
Costs €
Ecosystem Assets
Full Cost of Goods & Services

4. Integrated National Accounts: GDP, Ecosystem Services & Assets, Monetary & Physical Indicators
Final Use of
Non-Market
Ecosystem
Services
LEP
(Landscape net
Ecological Potential)
HANPP
(Human appropriation of the net primary productivity)
Ecosystem services
(provisioning, regulating
and socio-cultural services – supply & use)
Ecosystem Assets/ Natural Capital
(stocks, material & energy flows, health/resilience –
land, water, biomass, biodiversity…)
Ecosystem Accounts
MFA/
(Material /
energy
flow accounts)
GDP
Full ecosystem costs of domestic products
Land and ecosystem accounts constitute a broad multipurpose platform.
Ecosystem accounts are the basis for measuring and valuing ecosystem services and ecosystem maintenance costs. Services and costs connect the economic and natural realms.
The physical indicators candidate for the “basket” deliver messages by combining observations on land use, material flows of biomass, fossil resource… with specific statistics.
For consistency and comparability reasons as well as for costs and efficiency consideration, the production of physical indicators should be based on the common platform. EF
(Ecological
Footprint)
Full ecosystem cost of imports