Outcomes & Objectives Objectives To understand the causes and the consequences of Rosa Parks’ decision not to give her seat up on a bus for a white man. Outcomes 1. Read the Rosa Parks biography and study the images; then use ‘Add Text’ to write seven causes and seven consequences of her actions. 2. Study the ‘Little Rock’ visual source and answer questions to try work out what is going on. 3. Use the next two images to check the answers. 4. Research Elizabeth Eckford and write a biography on her life. 5. Complete the thought-bubbles regarding Martin Luther King’s ideas about what has happened since Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat, and what the future holds. Black Peoples of the USA (3): How have the experiences of Black Peoples in the USA changed from 1619 to 2003? History Key Stage 3 Black Peoples of the USA Task How can one simple gesture have such huge consequences? Image: om/fttbic/kingmalcol m.jpg

Rosa Parks (1) Rosa Parks was born in Alabama in She moved to Montgomery, Alabama as a child. Her mother was a teacher who encouraged Rosa to be active in the struggle for Civil Rights. Rosa joined the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; an organisation of pacifists who wanted to achieve equality through peaceful means. In 1947 the NAACP organised a group of volunteers to travel in ‘white only’ carriages of trains to test the ‘Jim Crow Laws’. The volunteers (Rosa Parks wasn’t one) were arrested many times and sent to jail. In the 1950’s, Rosa and her friends wanted to repeat this on buses in Montgomery, but the NAACP refused to allow them to do this, saying that it would result in “wholesale slaughter with no good achieved”. In early 1955, a 15-year old Black girl was dragged off a bus in Montgomery for refusing to give up her seat to a white person. However, when the NAACP discovered that she was pregnant they decided they couldn’t support her because of the bad publicity the teenage pregnancy would attract. In December 1955, Rosa Parks left the ‘Montgomery Fair’ department store where she worked, boarded a bus home and sat in the ‘Black section’. She was tired and had heavy shopping bags. When the bus got full-up, the driver told her to stand up in order to let a younger, white man sit down. Rosa refused. She had done this before. In 1943 the same bus driver had thrown her off a bus for doing the same thing. This time Rosa was arrested, found guilty of violating the ‘Jim Crow Laws’ and fined $10 (roughly £35 in today’s money). She asked the NAACP for help. This time, they agreed. Rosa was immediately sacked from her job at the department store. The Reverend at her local church was a man called Martin Luther King. He heard about the case and leapt to her defence. He organised a protest against the bus company. It was decided that the Black people of Montgomery would boycott the buses. The Bus Boycott lasted for 382 days. During the Boycott Black people were arrested and beaten up for walking to work and for waiting for lifts off Black people with cars. Martin Luther King, who had previously been unheard of outside his own neighbourhood, became a famous Civil Rights leader during this time. His house was fire-bombed. Eventually the bus company, which had been losing lots of money while Black people weren’t using the buses, gave in and asked the Supreme Court to end segregation on the buses. On December 21 st 1956, Rosa Parks got on a bus for the first time since her arrest. This time, she sat at the front; legally. In 1996, Rosa Parks was given a Congressional Medal of Honour by President Bill Clinton. When she died in October 2005, aged 92, all the buses in Montgomery had black drapes over the front seats.

Rosa Parks (2) New%20Pictures/Rosa%20Park s.jpg AparksR2.jpg ://home.att.net/~reniqua/&h=330&w=322&sz=29&hl=en&start=1&um=1&tbnid=7kxDgpqbcLpE7 M:&tbnh=119&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbus%2Bboycott%26svnum%3D10%26um%3 D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Doff%26rls%3DGGLJ,GGLJ: ,GGLJ:en-GB%26sa%3DN _OP26_keefe jpg mages/ /jpg/_ _rp6_ap.jpg m/b/ba/Rosa_Park s_medal.gif

TASK: Causes & Consequences Event Causes Consequences Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat

What other consequences were there?

TASK: Study the picture very closely (you will see it full size on the board). Then answer the questions to write what you think is happening in the photograph, on the lines below: Who is in the photo? Where are they? What is happening?

Central High School, Little Rock Escorted by United States troops, nine black students walk up the stairs to the main entrance of Central High School, Little Rock, Arkansas, on the first full day of integration, September 25, Corbis/UPI Microsoft ® Encarta ® Reference Library © Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.

TASK: Write a biography of Elizabeth Eckford.

Elizabeth Eckford biography

TASK: After Rosa Parks and Elizabeth Eckford, what is Martin Luther King thinking?