Giovanni Agostino da Lodi Adoration of the Shepherds 1510 Jacopa di Cione Madonna and Child in Glory 1360/65 Warm Up Action, Feeling Setting for both Which of these paintings looks the more realistic to you?

Italians earned large profits by supplying the ships that went to the Crusades in the Middle East. The wealthy had money to invest into the arts and learning which is different than the time of the Middle Ages. Wealthy cities: Florence and Venice

Led to the Renaissance- a time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14 th - 16 th centuries. During this time there was a new interest in the Ancient Romans and Greeks.

Renaissance Art Conversation Since the Greeks and the Romans glorified the human body how do you think that will manifest itself in the Renaissance art?

During this time artists, writer, sculptures and a variety of other people were hired by a wealthy family or person. This person was known as a patron and would pay the salary of the artists or writer. Artist and writers were loyal to their patrons and would dedicate their work to the patron. Having a patron meant that you could devote the majority of your time to your personal talent. Wealthy individuals used their talented employee to outdo other wealthy people in the community. Lorenzo De Medici of Florence Leonardo de Vinci worked for De Medici

Here it is! And here’s Florence!

Located on the Adriatic Sea v Major port city Further away from Rome than Florence v Secular republic during the Renaissance

Stable, powerful, and prosperous economy v More incentive for noble patrons to support the arts. v Alfonso d’Este. v Guilds made sure artists were properly compensated.

Light and color achieved drama Smooth brushwork – achieved velvety look Subject matter vMvMostly church themes vVvVenuses

Somewhat mannerist vSvStayed away from contraposto and tortured emotions Oil painting vDvDurable in Venice’s moist climate

By 1425, Florence had a population of 60,000 A self governed, independent state Twelve artist guilds regulated trade v Bases of commercial success Prosperity can from trading of textiles (mainly wool)

Landlocked city v Banking was the first source of income. v Made patrons wealthy. v First supporters of art. v Lorenzo de Medici.

۩P۩P erspective ۩A۩A ntiquity ۩B۩B alance/Geometry ۩I۩I ndividualism ۩L۩L ight/Shadow

Poetry Color Pleasure Beauty Intellect Line, form, design Grandeur Heroic ۩ Classical and biblical themes

Chigi Chapel in the Church of Santta Maria del Popolo in Rome. The chapel and its decorations were designed by Raphael. The Art of the Renaissance

Renaissance themes: Renaissance art was three-dimensional The importance of man, Humanism The importance of religion in art

Leonardo da Vinci was Renaissance man interested in many different things. He was a: Painter - his two most famous paintings are the Mona Lisa and the Last Supper. Only a few of his paintings survived. Scientist – he was master of anatomy. He dissected human corpses to study human anatomy. Engineer - in his notebooks he demonstrated his technological originality. He drew a helicopter, a tank, a calculator, and a hang glider. Some have been demonstrated to work through the construction of models. Leonardo da Vinci Self Portrait red chalk on paper

The Mona Lisa is the most famous painting in the world. It was painted by Leonard da Vinci between 1503 and This young woman in the painting was the wife of a Florence merchant. Her clothing was the style of the period. Behind her is a mountainous landscape.

The Last Supper was a fresco painted for the refectory (dining room) of the Convent of Santa Maria della Grazie in Milan. A fresco is painted directly onto a wall. Leonardo used a new technique for his fresco that was not successful. Over the years it molded and flaked. Despite the problems with the original, this is the most frequently reproduced work of art in the world.

Filecutting Machine Leonardo the Inventor

Observations and sketches on how the body works and new inventions

The Vitruvian Man (c. 1485) Accademis, Venice

Michelangelo was a Renaissance man. His work included: Sculpture – His earliest works were sculptures. Among his most famous was an 17 foot marble statue of David preparing for his battle with Goliath. Paintings – His most famous painting is a fresco which covers the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in the Vatican. It was painted directly onto wet plaster so that the painting became part of the wall. The fresco on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel was commissioned by Pope Julius II. Architecture – Pope Paul III hired Michelangelo to oversee the completion of the building of St. Peter’s Basilica. He combined two earlier plans with his own to design the building as it looks today. Poetry – His early poetry was of courtly love. In later life his poetry centered on religious themes.

It is: 131 feet long. Compare that to the length of a football field. 46 feet wide. Compare that to the width of a basketball court. 65 feet from the floor. Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

The design of the Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel depicts nine scenes from the book of Genesis in the Bible.

Sistine Chapel Website dex.html

Moses was carved from marble by Michelangelo. It is part of the decoration for the tomb of Pope Julius II. This representation of Moses with horns on his head was based on a description of Moses found in the Vulgate, a Latin translation of the Bible that was in use during the Renaissance.

Donatello ( ) was born in Florence. His work included: Born in Florence Worked in Ghiberti’s shop Three periods of work: Ø Before 1425 (influenced by gothic work, but also classical and realist) Ø St. Mark

Ø (realism, focus on character) Ø David Ø (Mostly with antiquity) Ø Gattamelata

Raphael was a Renaissance man. His work included: Painting – He was primarily a painter. Pope Julius II called Raphael to Rome in 1508 and hired him to complete the fresco decoration of a number of rooms in the Vatican. The best known of these works is The School of Athens, which honors the classical philosophers. Raphael is most famous for the Madonnas that he painted throughout his life. His earliest Madonnas are very sweet. The later works show a more polished look. Architect – He helped to redesign St. Peter’s Basilica after the original architect was dismissed.

In Florence, taught by Michelangelo and da Vinci. v Lighting techniques and figure shaping. Marriage of the Virgin (1504). Entombment (1507).

In 1510, Raphael was commissioned by Pope Julius II to paint the Pope’s personal library. There were four frescoes based on the themes of philosophy, law, poetry, and theology. The most recognized was The School of Athens, which represented Philosophy. Many well-known people were incorporated in the painting, including Michelangelo. In the center was Plato and Aristotle, Athena was on the right, Michelangelo, the crouching figure in the front.

St. Peter’s Basilica is an outstanding example of Renaissance architecture.

Throne of St. Peter designed by Bernini at the west end of the basilica. Bernini - Throne of St. Peter in Glory

Real name: Alessandro Filipepi Member of the Medici family Adoration of the Magi Birth of Venus 1484 Primavera 1482 Florence’s favorite artist

۩ Studied architecture after lost a competition to Ghiberti. ۩ Was asked to help raised the cupola of S. Maria del Fiore ( ) ۩ When the council heard his suggestion, they thought he was crazy

Literature Literature (e.g., Dante Divine Comedy)

Printing press invented by Johannes Gutenberg in 1455 Renaissance – printers could mass-produce copies of books at one time. Books were now cheap enough so that larger numbers of people could buy them. Travel books and medical journals spread new ideas and led to the Scientific Revolution. Literacy rose as more people began to read. Printing in vernacular languages made it easier for people who did not have a classical education to read.

How were paintings of the Renaissance different from paintings of the Middle Ages? Who were the three greatest Renaissance artists? Identify a work of art produced by each one. Closing Task: