Earth’s Layers.

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Presentation transcript:

Earth’s Layers

Earth is divided into 3 basic layers: 1. Crust 2. Mantle 3. Core These layers are then subdivided into smaller layers.

CRUST: Is the outermost layer on the earth. (EGG SHELL) Thickness varies. Under mountains it can be as thick as 60 km and less than 5 km under the ocean. It is the least dense of all the layers. (lightest layer) It is made up of silicon and oxygen.

2 TYPES OF CRUST: Oceanic crust is very dense, made of Basalt. Continental crust is less dense, made of Granite.

GRANITE BASALT

MANTLE: Located below the crust. (Egg White) It is the largest layer (about 2900 km thick). Rock layers are movable. (plastic) Hot soften rocks made up of more magnesium and iron. Density increases with depth due to increase in pressure.

MANTLE: Divided into 2 parts Upper mantle Lower mantle.

Sub-Layers of the Mantle LITHOSPHERE: This is the “crunchy” layer of the Earth. It includes the crust and the very uppermost part of the upper Mantle ASTHENOSPHERE: Soft – can bend like plastic, layer in the upper portion of the mantle It is located right below the Lithosphere. Lithosphere floats on this layer (like jello)

CORE: (Egg Yolk) Located below the Mantle. It is divided into 2 layers Outer Core Inner Core

Outer Core: The O.C. is about 2250 km thick. is liquid and is made up of mostly iron (easily magnetized) The movement of materials in the liquid O.C. is inferred to be the cause of Earth’s magnetic field! The O.C. is about 2250 km thick.

Inner Core: Is the center of the Earth – 1200 km thick. It’s solid iron and nickel. Most dense layer (heaviest) The increased pressure causes the I.C. to be solid

In your notes lets draw together a diagram of the Earth Lithosphere Asthenosphere CRUST MANTLE OUTER CORE INNER CORE

In Review: What are the 3 main layers of the Earth? Which layer is the least dense? Which layer is the thickest? What are the 2 types of crust? How are they different? What is the name of the layer located below the crust? Which layer is located below the mantle? What are its 2 layers called? Which part of the core is made up of liquid iron and is responsible for the Earth’s magnetic field? Which part of the earth is considered to be the center? What is it made up of? What is the name given to the “crunchy” layer of the crust and uppermost part of the mantle? What is the name given to the soft portion of the mantle where the lithosphere floats like jello?