JOINT EVALUATION UNIT – April

Why are Result & Impact Indicators Needed? To better understand the positive/negative results of EC aid. The main questions are: 1) What change is needed? 2) For whom? 3) How to measure this change? 2

Why are Result & Impact Indicators Needed? 1. Assist EC country teams to develop a set of indicators for the programming level (e.g. to guide development and monitoring of a Country Strategy Paper) 2. To fill, as much as possible, the 'missing middle' between implementation indicators and global impact indicators 3

Global ImpactsIntermediate Impact Specific Impact Results/ Outcomes The Missing Middle 4 ProgrammingImplementation Outputs

5 Fresh Water – A Limited Supply!

6 Example – Cause & Effect Chain OUTPUT LEVEL: Rehabilitation and building of drinking water systems Increased affordability of safe water for the population POVERTY REDUCTION Increased access to safe water Reduced rate of water related diseases Improved Health and social development Missing Middle Time

The Global Intervention Logic Environment Institutional Reform Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance) Improved Health Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events Poverty Reduction Sustainable National Water Supply Increased Access to Basic Sanitation Strong Link Link Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water Social Development Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS SPECIFIC IMPACTS RESULTS/ OUTCOMES OUTPUT CLUSTERS Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour Education Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation Increased Access to Water Economic Growth Economic Improved Use of Water & Sanitation Increased Employment Effects Improved Conditions for Economic Growth Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases

The Multidimensional Impacts of Water and Sanitation Water is probably the only natural resource to touch all aspects of human civilization from agricultural and industrial development to the cultural and religious values embedded in society. - Koichiro Matsuura, Director-General, UNESCO 8

How to deal with the different dimensions of water and sanitation 9 The intervention logic can be split into 3 different areas: Public Health Economy Sustainable Eco-System

10 Public Health Intervention Logic Institutional Reform Education Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance) Improved Health Increased Access to Basic Sanitation Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases Social Development Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour Increased Access to Water Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation OUTPUT CLUSTERS GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTSSPECIFIC IMPACTS RESULTS/ OUTCOMES Did you know? More than 2.2 million people die each year from diseases associated with poor water and sanitary conditions Did you know? More than 2.2 million people die each year from diseases associated with poor water and sanitary conditions Did you know? 17% of the worlds people lack access to safe water and 40% lack access to adequate sanitation services Did you know? 17% of the worlds people lack access to safe water and 40% lack access to adequate sanitation services Indicators Water and sanitation hygiene awareness Domestic access to safe water Access to basic sanitationIndicators Water and sanitation hygiene awareness Domestic access to safe water Access to basic sanitation Indicators Pollution of water and soil Treatment of waste water Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation Household expenditure on water and sanitationIndicators Pollution of water and soil Treatment of waste water Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation Household expenditure on water and sanitation Indicator Rate of water borne diseasesIndicator

11 Economy Intervention Logic Improved Use of Water & Sanitation Economic Growth Increased Access to Water Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation Increased Employment OUTPUT CLUSTERS GLOBAL IMPACTSINTERMEDIATE IMPACTS SPECIFIC IMPACTSRESULTS/ OUTCOMES Greater equity in Allocation of Water Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance) Improved Conditions for Economic Growth Institutional Reform Economy Did you know? Use of fresh water: 70 % irrigation 22 % industry 8 % domestic use Indicators Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance Irrigation requirements Equity in allocation of water between sectors Cost of water for businessIndicators Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance Irrigation requirements Equity in allocation of water between sectors Cost of water for business Indicator Business access to waterIndicator Indicator Business productivityIndicator

12 Sustainable Eco-System Intervention Logic Environment Institutional Reform Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events Sustainable National Water Supply Improved Use of Water & Sanitation Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water GLOBAL IMPACTS INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS RESULTS/ OUTCOMES OUTPUT CLUSTERS Did you know? By 2025 water withdrawals are predicted to increase by 50% in developing countries and 18% in developed countries Education Indicators Availability of water Preservation of water Water leakages Recycling of waterIndicators Availability of water Preservation of water Water leakages Recycling of water Indicator Sustainable extraction of waterIndicator

Environment Institutional Reform Infrastructure (construction/ maintenance) Improved Health Reduced vulnerability of Ecosystem to climatic events Sustainable National Water Supply Increased Access to Basic Sanitation Strong Link Link Reduced Rate of Water Related Diseases Improved Conservation & Preservation of Water Social Development Greater Equity in Allocation of Water & Sanitation Improved Quality of Water & Sanitation Improved Water & Sanitation Health & Hygiene Behaviour Education Increased Affordability of Water & Sanitation Increased Access to Water Improved Conditions for Economic Growth Economic Growth Economic Improved Use of Water & Sanitation Increased Employment Poverty Reduction GLOBAL IMPACTS OUTPUT CLUSTERS SPECIFIC IMPACTS RESULTS/ OUTCOMES INTERMEDIATE IMPACTS Effects MDG 7- Target 10 MDG 1 - Target 1&2 MDG 4 - Target 5 Millennium Development Goals

Global ImpactsIntermediate Impact Specific Impact Results/ Outcomes The Missing Middle 14 ProgrammingImplementation Outputs

Attention 1. This is a simplified tool, not a template. Intervention logic must be developed for each country based on its context and existing government strategies 2. Indictors are not fixed but provide ideas on how to set, monitor and evaluate CSP objectives 3. Crosscutting issues should be mainstreamed into relevant indicators (e.g. disaggregation of data by gender) 4. Outcomes/Impact are not fully attributable to the EC Outputs are 100% attributable to the EC but attribution falls as you move up the chain of results

List of Indicators: SPECIFIC/INTERMEDIATE IMPACT INDICATOR 17. Business productivity - x% change in food production/yield and processing costs -x% change in industrial production costs INTERMEDIATE IMPACT INDICATORS 18. Sustainable extraction of water - Annual extraction of from surface and ground water, in relation to its minimum annual recharge (i.e. water balance sheet) 19. Rate of water borne diseases -Inflection rates for diseases such as diarrhoea, intestinal worms, parasitic infections etc. SPECIFIC IMPACTS INDICATORS 13. water and sanitation hygiene awareness - Improved collection and storage of drinking water - Proportion of people hand washing - Use of hygienic sanitation facilities 14. Domestic access to safe water (inc. time savings) - Number of households connected to water network for x months of year - Number of households within 1km of safe water for x months of year -Number of households who receive more than 20 litres of water per day 15. Business access to water - x% of agricultural water needs meet for x months of the year - x% of industrial water needs meet for x months of the year 16. Access to basic sanitation -Number of people with access to basic sanitation RESULTS/OUTCOMES INDICATORS 1. Availability of water - Change in water levels for lakes, rivers and water table 2. Preservation of water - Area of protected wetlands, lakes and rivers 3. Irrigation requirements - Amount of water needed to produce xm² of x food 4. Water leakages - % of water lost through water systems due to leakages 5. Recycling of water - Amount of sanitation water that is recycled - Amount of water used in industry that is recycled 6. Employment resulting from water and sanitation construction and maintenance -Number of people directly and indirectly employed in water and sanitation construction and maintenance projects 7. Pollution of water and soil - Levels of chemicals, minerals, metals, pesticides etc in soil and water (surface and ground water). 8. Treatment of waste water - Proportion of domestic, agricultural and industrial waste water that is treated before being discharged 9. Equity in domestic water and sanitation allocation - Rate of connection to water/sanitation network for slums/shanty towns compared to national average - Level of rural poor connection to water/sanitation network compared to national average 10. Equity in allocation of water between sectors - Implementation of transparent public or public/private mechanisms to allocate water 11. Household expenditure on water and sanitation - x% of household expenditure on water and sanitation by each income group in society 12. Cost of water for businesses - Water as a x% cost of agricultural value - Water as a x% cost of industrial value