How UKLight was Built Dr. John S. Graham University of London Computer Centre
SuperJANET4 North Wales MAN LeNSESWERN Kentish MAN NorMAN YHMAN EMMAN EastNet LMN South Wales MAN TVN MidMAN Northern Ireland NNW C&NL MAN GlasgowEdinburgh WarringtonLeeds ReadingLondon BristolPortsmouth EaStMAN UHI Network Clydenet AbMAN FaTMAN
UKLight Topology
CoreDirector and MetroDirector K2
CN3616
Hybrid Optical/Packet Networks IP EthernetHDLC 10 G LAN PHY10 G WAN PHY1 G PHY SDH (G.707) Optical Fibre GFP (G.7041) packetpacket o p ti c a l
Ethernet vs TDM FeatureEthernetSDH Guaranteed QOSNo (Packet Switched)Yes (Circuit Switched) Performance Monitoring CRC CountBER ProtectionNone (STP?)APS Fault LocationNoneAIS Access CostsLowHigh
Time Division Multiplexing A Z:1 E Z:1 E D C B A MUX E D C B A Z Z 762
SDH Network Elements Line TerminatingPath Terminating ADM STM-n DXC STM-n Terminal ADM STM-n PDH Ethernet ATM
SDH Model R R ADM DXC ADM Path Layer Connection Line Layer Section Layer
Basic SDH Frame Section Line PTR SPE Payload Capacity = 2340 Bytes = Mb/s
Larger SDH Frames VC-4155 Mb/s 150 Mb/s VC Mb/s 600 Mb/s VC-4-4c622 Mb/s 600 Mb/s
Provisioning Example A D B E C F ??? STM-4 1 – 12(622 Mb/s)
Bandwidth Fragmentation VC-4 Drop Interface (Node F) Ring 268 Blocked! STM-1 STM-4
Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) VC-4 Drop Interface (Node F) Ring 268 STM-1 STM-4 VC-3-3v
The Magic of VCAT Protocol Client Rate Contiguous Concatenation Virtual Concatenation Ethernet10VC-320%VC-11-7v89% Fast Ethernet100VC-467%VC-3-2v99% Gigabit Ethernet1000VC-4-16c42%VC-4-7v95% ESCON160VC-4-4c26%VC-3-4v83% Fibre Channel 21700VC-4-16c71%VC-4-12v95% ATM25VC-350%VC-11-16c98%
GFP: Functional Model Source = IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2002
GFP: Frame Structure Source = IEEE Communications Magazine, May 2002
Ethernet GFP SDH Preamble SFD Destination Source Length/Type Data FCS Core Header Payload Header GFP Payload FCS Path Overhead PTR 1 2 Ethernet Frame GFP Frame SONET/SDH Frame
GFP: Frame Delineation PayloadPLIcHECPLIcHECPayload PLIcHECPayloadPLIcHECPayloadPLIcHEC PayloadPLIcHEC
GFP: Synchronization HuntPresync Sync cHEC Mismatch 2 nd cHEC Match cHEC Match No 2 nd cHEC Match cHEC Match No CHEC Match
International Lightpath Peering Peering at Ethernet Layer –Use non-blocking switch as a DXC –Multiple patch cords Peering at SDH Layer –Single physical connection
International Testbed HOPnets VIOLA Project (DFN) – HOPI (Internet2) –