OPEN DAYS UNIVERSITY 9th European Week of Regions and Cities Brussels October 12th 2010 Shaping EU Cities in a Changing Environment Strengthening Urban Quality in Strategies for Growth and Shrinkage Concluding Remarks Claude Jacquier Senior Researcher - CNRS National Centre for Scientific Research France

Concluding Remarks 1 Paradigms and Objectives Concluding Remarks 2 Social and Economical Challenges The rôle of Local Communities Concluding Remarks 3 Governing strategies and means

Concluding Remarks 1 Paradigms and Objectives

Crisis: which possible issues? Until now Downturn 1929 options? (permanent recession, nationalism, xenophobia, racism, war) Business as usual is expected by economists New paradigm Integrated Sustainable Development? ? Certainly both of these solutions but in different ways!

Local community related to Sustainable Development Place (environment) Place (environment) People and Gender (social) Institutions (public and private, economic and social) People and Gender (social) Constituents Institutions (economy and politic) Constituents in unstable equilibrium Atmosphere

Multiscale approach of sustainable development Local Community City and Rurban Region Polycentric Rurban Region ESDP (SDEC)

Cities and Urban regions are very rich considering GDP per capita… … but they are less considering Disposable Income per capita! Inner London/UK GDP = 2,5 DI = 1,2 Brussels/ Belgique GDP = 2 DI = 1 Ireland/EU15 GDP = 2nd DI = 13th CitiesState Members

The Challenge 2050 Objective EU 2050 Divide by 4 Energy Consumption and Pollution: We have less than 40 years to reach the goal Considering the actual improving trend of the building stocks 150 years and more are needed A triple lack Investments, innovative skills, regulation A necessity Behavior changes How to leave this path dependancy

The Challenge 2020 concerning Energy : 3 x (– 20%) (in 8 years) Sobriety - 20% Efficiency - 20% Renewable - 20%

Daily Costs are Increasing (energy, pollution, Time costs, etc.) Daily Prices of Square Meter are Decreasing (in absolute and relative terms) Opportunities for Investments. (the more the gap is large the more the investment time return is short) Gap Place Community

Concluding Remarks 2 Social and Economical Challenges The rôle of Local Communities

Productive Base (labour and capital incomes from local activities Residential Base (pension, incomes from outside, tourism) Social Base (social benefits, excepted pensions and unemployment benefit) Public Base (wages from public sector ) The Economic Bases of a Community Neigbhborhood District Commune City or Rurban Region (Sources : Sombart, Davezies)

Trade economy Men Poaching economy Women Immerged economy Domestic economy Welfare economy Emerged economy Social economy Economical Resources: Gender and Economies

SVA Strategical Link R & D Know-How Finances Com Strategical Link Marketing Sales Maintenance VAS links located in deprived communities or elsewhere in the World The Sustainable Value Added (SVA) Chain : Each community is a link of the chain Which parts of these links are still Located in deprived communities or could be re-located in them? What is the delocalisation risk for strategical Links? Connected Community Connected Community Deprived Community Community elsewhere in the world

New fields of activities and employments Seventeen potential fields have been identified (EU 1994): - services related to city improvement: improvement and energy saving in housing, safety, transportation, revalorisation of public spaces, neighbourhood commercial services, - services related to everyday life: child minding, insertion of young people, old people, disable people, - cultural and leisure services : valorisation of cultural heritage, cultural and sporting activities, restaurants, hotels -environment-related services: prevention and precaution concerning food and sanitation, water protection and anti-pollution measures, protection of rivers and nature areas, waste management. Essential aspects of this census: -these activities cannot be delocated, -these activities ensure the closing of socio-economic and urban reproduction cycles, we have open in the past. -these activities ensure links between the various economies identified hereunder: trade economy, redistribution (Welfare State), domestic economy, social and solidarity economy, to which we may add the poaching economy made up of illegal activities and exchanges.

Concluding Remarks 3 Governing strategies and means

Bypassing rigidities and building reforms Aims of integrated policies for sustainable urban development

Making the city Making the best of the city Horizontal conflicting cooperation (since the end of 19s) Fragmented territory Balkanized Tart Horizontal cooperation Cooperation between local authorities and organizations Rurban Region

Making the city Making the best of the city Vertical conflicting cooperation (since the 60s) Hierarchical approach Specialised approach Pastry Vertical cooperation Subsidiary approach Contractual policy Multilevel agreements

Making the city Making the best of the city Transversal conflicting cooperation (since the 80s) Sectorised approach Partitioned approach Slices of cake Transversal cooperation Transversal approach Partnership This last cooperation is the hardest to set up: Confrontation between various professional and cultural identities, corporatism and bureaucracy.

Cross-border cooperation (1)

Cross-border Coopération (2) Programmes of Risk Prevention: floods and drynesses

Eurométropole Lille-Kortrijk-Tournai (Belgium-France) European Grouping of Territorial Cooperation (EGTC)

Place (environment) People and Gender (social) -6- Project Outcomes (LAP Local Action Plan) Sustainable Added-value -1- Community Territory Their components -5- Cross- fertilization Contracts (A, B, C ) (effective LSG) -2- The Key: Know-How (LAT Local Action Team) Reformist Conspirators Gardeners, Clinicians Create New Atmospheres with New Compromises -4- Partnership (LSG Local Support Group) A Conflictive Cooperation A B C Creating Sustainable Added-Value within a Community Building Sustainable Local Action Plans (Making the Best With) -3- Mobilizing Actors Traditional and New One Inside and Outside the Community Bringing Economic, Social and Environmental Resources Institutions (economy politics) Action Arena Patterns of intégration -7- Evaluation URBACT – URBAMECO - C. Jacquier

Sustainable Local Action Team (SLAT) and Sustainable Local Support Group (SLSG) Local authority A Local authority Z State - EU Other political levels (Region Province) Private sector Associations Reformist conspirators Accomplices Institutions and agents SLAT and SLSG Reformist process Metropolitan Area Rurban Region

Thank you for your attention