英文寫作技巧及論文寫作 格式 宋麗梅國立台灣大學外文系4/26/2003

英文寫作技巧英文寫作技巧

Writing Process Writing is a process that involves the following 4 steps: –Discovering a thesis – often through prewriting –Developing solid support for the thesis – often through more prewriting –Organizing the thesis and supporting material and writing it out in a first draft –Revising and then editing carefully to ensure an effective, error-free paper

Writing Process Prewriting –Technique 1: Freewriting –Technique 2: Questioning –Technique 3: Making a List –Technique 4: Clustering –Technique 5: Preparing a Scratch Outline Revising –Unity –Support –Coherence –Sentence skills Editing

Essay (Paragraph) Development Traditionally, essay (paragraph) writing has been divided into the following patterns of development: * Description * Narration * Exposition - Examples - Process - Cause and effect - Comparison and contrast - Definition - Division and classification *Argumentation

Diagram of an Essay Title of the Essay Opening remarks to catch reader ’ s interest Thesis statement Plan of development Topic sentence 1 (supporting point 1) Specific evidence Topic sentence 2 (supporting point 2) Specific evidence Topic sentence 3 (supporting point 3) Specific evidence Summary General closing remarks Introduction Body Conclusion

Revising Four bases –Unity –Support –Coherence –Sentence skills

Vocabulary Wordsheet Word: formidable Pronunciation: [ ] Meanings: 1. feared or dreaded 2. extremely difficult Other forms of the word: formidably, formidability Use of the word in context: Several formidable obstacles stand between Matt and his goal. Keeping a Journal One excellent way to get practice in writing is to keep a daily or almost daily journal.

論文寫作格式論文寫作格式

Writing Research Papers Why do research at all? Need a research topic? Need to find information? Need to get organized? Need to know which sources are reliable and worth citing? Provide detailed instruction and examples of four academic styles – MLA (English), APA (social sciences), CMS (humanities), and CBE (sciences).

Need a research topic? Drafting a research proposal –The Short Proposal –The Long Proposal –Explaining Your Purpose in the Research Proposal –Identifying Your Audience in the Research Proposal –Identifying Your Role as a Researcher in the Proposal

Some Reference Books: MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers, Joseph Gibaldi, 5 th Edition* Writing Research Papers: A Complete Guide, James D. Lester, 10th Edition* Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article, Howard Becker Dissertations and Theses from Start to Finish: Psychology and Related Fields, John Cone and Sharon Foster Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, Fifth Edition* (*available from Bookman)