Mr. Wells Hickory Ridge HS

Setting the Stage Because of the Renaissance, Europe was now ready to explore. Most countries shared a desire to establish trade with Asia. They were looking for an easy way to get there.

Motives for European Exploration 1.Crusades  Europeans battled Muslims in the Holy Lands 2.Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3.Reformation  refugees & missionaries. 4.Monarchs seeking new sources of revenue (wealth). 5.Technological advances. 6.Fame and fortune.

A Map of the Known World, pre- 1492

Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  discovered thru Crusades 2.A New Player  Europe 3. Marco Polo: 24 years in China, writes book about what he experienced. A Description of the World

For “God, Glory, and Gold” 1.People in Europe continued to demand nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, pepper  Why? European food is bland 2.Muslims & Italians controlled trade  Why? Because of their location on the Mediterranean 3. Rest of Europe paying high prices for valuable spices  Result: Seek new route to Asia

Italian – Muslim Trade

For “God, Glory, Gold” 4. Spread of Christianity  Why? Hostility be/ Christians & Muslims 5. Technology Makes Exploration possible  New inventions allow sailors to sail against the wind  caravel, astrolabe, compass

New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps [Portulan] Sextant Mariner’s Compass

Magnetic Compass

New Weapons Technology

Cannon

Portugal Leads the Way 1.First European country to set up trading posts in west Africa 2.Prince Henry “The Navigator”  founded a navigation school : Bartolomeu Dias sails down African coast to southern tip : Vasco da Gama rounds tip of Africa  sails to Calicut, India (27,000 miles)

Prince Henry, the Navigator School for Navigation, 1419

Museum of Navigation in Lisbon, Portugal

Bartholomeu Dias

Vasco Da Gama In 1498, Da Gama reached Calicut, China’s favorite port!

Spain Also Makes Claims : Christopher Columbus convinces King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella to finance voyage 2.His plan  sail west rather than east to reach Asia 3. Columbus reaches San Salvador in the Caribbean  thought he reached Asia 4. Rivalry begins be/ Spain & Portugal  Pope divides the World  Line of Demarcation:(West:Spain – East: Portugal) Treaty of Tordesillas

Columbus [ ]

Columbus’ Four Voyages

The Treaty of Tordesillas, 1494 & The Pope’s Line of Demarcation

New Colonial Rivals 1. Portugal broke Italy’s monopoly… BUT 2. Portugal lacked the numbers and wealth to dominate trade in the Indian Ocean. 3. Spain in Asia  Ferdinand Magellan 1519  consolidated its holdings in the Philippines in First English expedition to the Indies in  NW India in Dutch arrive in India in 1595  largest fleet of ships in the world (20,000)  Batavia: island of Java 6. English & Dutch form East India Companies to establish trade throughout Asia

Ferdinand Magellan & the First Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

Other Voyages of Exploration

Atlantic Explorations