Lessons Learnt of Indonesia Disaster Experience in Tsunami Ridwan Yunus Information Management Officer, BNPB EAST ASIA SUMMIT RAPID DISASTER RESPONSE: SEARCH AND RESCUE LESSONS LEARNED SEMINAR SYDNEY 20–23 SEPTEMBER 2015

Indonesia Maritime Continent BACKGROUND 17,504 islands (1st in the world) 81,000 km long coastline (2nd in the world) Population 237 million people (4th in the world) Mega Biodiversity (10% plants, 12% of mammals, 16% of reptiles, 15% fish,17% of bird in the world live in Indonesia) – 3rd in the world 13% or 129 active volcanoes in the world (1st in the world) Indonesia Maritime Continent Indonesia is big country. Indonesia as Maritime Continent country. We have 17.504 islands, 81 thousand kilo meters long coastline, 237 million people, and mega biodiversity.

Hindia-Australia Plate Eurasia Plate Pacific Plate 12 cm/year Indonesia is located at 3 main tectonic plates which are active, they are : Eurasia, Pacific and Hindia-Australia. The active tectonic process there are many earthquakes, tsunami, volcano eruption and others. 5-6 cm/year Hindia-Australia Plate Indonesia is located at 3 main tectonic plates which are active, they are Eurasia, Pacific and Hindia-Australia. The active tectonic process there are many earthquakes, tsunami, volcano eruption and others. Footer 22/12/2009

INDONESIA’S MOST NOTABLE TSUNAMI DISASTER The Great Sumatra Earthquake -Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster December 26, 2004

LOCATION

BEFORE AND AFTER THE DISASTER (DECEMBER 26, 2004 EARTHQUAKE-TSUNAMI) SOURCE OF IMAGES: SPACE IMAGING/CRISP-SINGAPORE NOTE: A TSUNAMI TRAVELS AT SPEEDS OF ABOUT 800 KM/HR IN THE DEEP OCEAN

BEFORE AFTER

BEFORE AFTER

THE TSUNAMI THE EXISTING INDIAN OCEAN WARNING SYSTEM WAS INADEQUATE; SO EVACUATION DID NOT HAPPEN. TSUNAMI WAVES WITH WAVE HEIGHTS OF 4 TO 10 M AND INLAND RUNUP OF 3.3 KM OR MORE REACHED THE COASTS OF ALL INDIAN OCEAN NATIONS- - - WHOSE PEOPLE WERE UNEVACUATED AND UNPREPARED

IMPACTS OF THE DISASTER AS MANY AS 220,000 PEOPLE KILLED (MORE THEN 120,000 IN INDONESIA) --- AND 500,000 INJURED URGENT NEED FOR FOOD, WATER, AND HEALTH CARE SERVICES TO PREVENT “A HEALTH-CARE DISASTER AFTER THE TSUNAMI DISASTER” MILLIONS DISPLACED FROM HOMES BILLIONS OF DOLLARS NEEDED FOR RESPONSE, RECOVERY, AND RECONSTRUCTION INTERNATIONAL AID WAS COORDINATED BY UN, USA, INDIA, AUSTRALIA, & JAPAN

Earthquakes and Tsunami Aceh,2004 Nias, 2005 Padang,2009 Mega trust earthquake and tsunami in Aceh in 2004, provides valuable lessons on the importance of disaster management in Indonesia. Then established the Law of Disaster Management, established the National Agency for Disaster Management in national, provincial and district or city level. Jogja, 2006 Mentawai, 2010

EQ and Tsunami Aceh-North Sumatra IN : NATION RESILIENT 2004 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Yogyakarta Declaration OUT : DRR KNOWLEDGE CENTER

Disaster Management Law No. 24 / 2007 The role of National and Local Governments Establishment of BNPB and BPBDs Roles and Responsibility of Community in DM Roles of Private sectors and International in DM DM Implementation: pre-disaster, emergency response, and post-disaster Funding and Relief Assistance Management Controlling, Monitoring & Evaluation of DM implementation

ROLE OF BNPB DISASTER MANAGEMENT COORDI-NATION COMMAND COORDI-NATION. PREVENTION MITIGATION PREPAREDNESS EMERGENCY RESPONSE RECOVERY PRE DISASTER DURING POST DISASTER

Law No. 24/2007 on Disaster Management & Emergency Response Chapter 2, article 3: Disaster response must be undertaken on timely manner in order to save lives of the affected population Disaster response/assistance must utilize consistent, yet flexible approach in order to adapt to the existing situation and condition, regardless of the causes, scope, location and complexity of the occurring event Disaster response activities must be transparent and accountable

Chapter 7: Disaster Management during Emergency Phase: Article 48: Activities undertaken during emergency phase Article 49: Rapid assessment Article 50: BNPB and BPBD to have facilitated access on mobilization of human resources, equipment, logistics, etc. Article 51: Government to decide on the status / level of disaster Article 52: Rescue and evacuation of victims of disaster Article 53: Provision of basic humanitarian needs Article 54: Management of affected and displaced population Article 55: Protection of the vulnerable group Article 56: Recovery of vital public facilities and infrastructure

Govt Regulation: No 21 Ch. 25-27 on mobilization of resources Disaster Emergency Situation Chief of BNPB/BPBD (authority) requests Institution/agencies (appoint decision maker authority) MOBILIZATION (request, acceptance, utilization) GOALS Rescue and evacuation Fulfillment of basic needs Emergency recovery Human resources Equipment Logistic dispatch mobilization Community “based on needs” Disaster Affected Area

Govt Regulations No 21 Ch. 32-37 C I Q Disaster Emergency Situation FACILITATED ACCESS FOREIGN ASSISTANCE EXEMPTION (as stated in Law & Regulation) Custom duty Tax Quarantine (except for equipment/logistics w potential hazards) RECOMMENDATION CHIEF OF BNPB LOGISTIC EQUIPMENT Visa process and services Entry permit Working permit (the longest duration should be in alignment with emergency phase) Exit permit DEPLOYMENT/Recommedation Govt of Country of Origin International Institutions International NGOs PERSONNEL Utilizing its own equipment Undertake emergency operation in the affected area Must report to immigration office /foreign affairs office

Govt Regulations No 21 Ch. 38 on Permits Disaster Emergency Situation FOREIGN ASSISTANCE INSTITUTION/AGENCY FACILITATED ACCESS CHIEF OF BNPB obtains special permits (regardless of the time and place and with the available communication means) PERSONNEL OF FOREIGN MILITARY FOREIGNERS from countries with no diplomatic relations DG Counselor – MoFA TRANSPORTATION EQUIPMENT FOREIGN MILITARY providing emergency assistance Ministry of Defense Ministry of Foreign Affairs Ministry of Transportation

GOVT REGULATION No. 23 YEAR 2008 : Involvement of International Organizations & Foreign NGOs in Disaster Management “EMERGENCY RESPONSE” DIRECT ASSISTANCE International Agencies/ Foreign NGOs FUNDING BNPB COORDINATION Related Agency PERSONNEL, LOGISTIC, EQUIPMENT APPROVAL BNPB MOBILIZATION FACILITATED ACCESS SUBMISSION of Info on # of Personnel, Logistics, Equipment, Site of Operation (before, during or immediately after the assistance arrives Immigration Custom Quarantine Permits

Stand-by Force for Emergency Management Satuan Reaksi Cepat Penanggulangan Bencana (SRC PB) = Indonesia Rapid Response & Assistance (INDRRA) SRC-PB / INDRRA is combined civil – military forces from various relevant line ministries/agencies being dispatched to assist affected local government in undertaking emergency activities in timely and integrated manner Undertaking rapid assessment on the impacts of the disaster as well as the humanitarian needs, during the initial /early stage of the emergency phase

Indonesia’s Achievement in Disaster Risk Reduction Enactment of Law No. 24/2007 and PP No 21, 22, 23 year 2008, Perpres No. 8/2008 and Head of BNPB Regulations Establishment of BNPB and BPBD (33 provinces and 306 districts/cities) Set up of National Platform for DRR Formulation of National DM Plan and National Action Plan for DRR (2010-2014) and integration of DRR into the National Middle-term Development Plan RPJM 2010-2014 DM becomes priority in development (no 9 from 11) HFA Progress Report every 2 years Formulation of Contingency Plans Building of Ina TEWS and Vulcano Monitoring Building of Emergency Operations Center (Jakarta, DIY, Bali, etc) Set-up of National Rapid Response Team (SRC-PB) for the Eastern and Western Regions Disaster Management Simulation and Exercises Building Safer School and Hospital Establishment Indonesia Disaster Relief Training Ground Implementation Yogyakarta Declaration --- Resilient Community

EAS Toolkit The East Asia Summit Rapid Disaster Response Toolkit has been prepared by Emergency Management Australia and BNPB, Indonesia, in collaboration with relevant agencies from all 18 East Asia Summit participating countries and in consultation with the ASEAN Committee on Disaster Management (ACDM). The Toolkit contains three Tools aimed at improving rapid disaster response capability and cooperation across EAS countries. TOOL 1 : NATIONAL FOCAL POINT TABLE TOOL 2 : GUIDANCE FOR RAPID D ISASTER RESPONSE TOOL 3 : EAS COUNTRY D ISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS Indonesia will conduct EAS Toolkit exercise : National level : November 2015 International level : 2016 Indonesia: As we all know the wake of a major disaster is the wrong time for countries to re-evaluate, or for that matter consider for the first time, their national arrangements for receiving or providing rapid disaster response. The Toolkit has been developed by BNPB and EMA, in consultation with EAS members, as part of the broader Indonesia-Australia EAS Disaster Management Initiative. To progress the Initiative, the Indonesian-Australian Paper: A Practical Approach to Enhance Regional Cooperation on Disaster Rapid Response was developed, and endorsed by EAS Leaders in November 2011. Following the endorsement by leaders of that Paper, a workshop was held in 2013 in Darwin, Australia. That Workshop agreed an action plan for the Initiative including the development of a Toolkit to improve the effectiveness of rapid disaster response within the EAS by: improving baseline disaster management information simplifying existing arrangements between members developing a common ‘operating language’ strengthening how countries prepare for and rapidly respond to disasters, and sharing country specific information across the EAS and provides a regional network of NDMO’s. The Toolkit takes into account existing arrangements and provides consistency to assist those countries which do not have procedures in place. Under the joint EAS objective to enhance the collective regional rapid disaster response capability, it is in our best regional interest to further this objective by actively contributing to the compilation for the final version I will now hand over to my project partner and colleague Mr Chris Collett, EMA, who will discuss the key components of the Toolkit and provide you with an update on recent developments on it. Next Slide

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