© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Eight Taking Control of Alcohol Use

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol Use Patterns Abstainers – don’t drink Abstainers – don’t drink Infrequent drinkers – once a month (small amounts) Infrequent drinkers – once a month (small amounts) Light drinkers – once a month to 3-4 times a month Light drinkers – once a month to 3-4 times a month Moderate drinkers – once a week Moderate drinkers – once a week 85-90% of college students drink

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol Use Patterns (cont’d) Moderate/heavy drinkers – drink once a week, medium amounts Moderate/heavy drinkers – drink once a week, medium amounts Heavy drinkers – drink once a week, large amounts Heavy drinkers – drink once a week, large amounts Binge drinkers – consume 5 drinks in one sitting (i.e.weekend drinker) Binge drinkers – consume 5 drinks in one sitting (i.e.weekend drinker)

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Nature of Alcoholic Beverages Consumable form of alcohol – ethyl Consumable form of alcohol – ethyl Fermentation: process where sugars are converted into alcohol by yeast Fermentation: process where sugars are converted into alcohol by yeast Proof: alcohol concentration that is twice the percentage Proof: alcohol concentration that is twice the percentage Alcohol is a depressant

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Factors that Affect Alcohol Absorption Strength of the beverage Strength of the beverage Number of drinks consumed Number of drinks consumed Speed of consumption Speed of consumption Presence of food Presence of food Body chemistry Body chemistry Race/ Ethnicity Race/ Ethnicity Gender Gender

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Blood Alcohol Concentration Percentage of alcohol in a measured amount of blood Percentage of alcohol in a measured amount of blood Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Blood Alcohol Concentration (cont’d) At.10% = physical impairment At.10% = physical impairment At.20% = uncontrollable movement At.20% = uncontrollable movement At.40% = coma and possible death At.40% = coma and possible death

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol Related Health Problems

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. First Aid for Acute Alcohol Intoxication The following are considered warning signs: The following are considered warning signs: Weak, rapid pulseWeak, rapid pulse Unconscious stupor = shockUnconscious stupor = shock Cool and damp skinCool and damp skin Skin color is bluish or paleSkin color is bluish or pale Involuntary regurgitationInvoluntary regurgitation Treatment: Treatment: Seek medical assistance Lie person on their side Monitor breathing and pulse rate Make sure the head is lower than their body

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetus is exposed to alcohol in a slower manner than an adult Fetus is exposed to alcohol in a slower manner than an adult Damage results in mental retardation Damage results in mental retardation Low birth weight, facial abnormalities, widely spaced eyes, and a much smaller head. Low birth weight, facial abnormalities, widely spaced eyes, and a much smaller head. Full expression rate: 1-3 out of 1000 births Full expression rate: 1-3 out of 1000 births

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Alcohol-Related Social Problems Alcohol-Related Social Problems Accidents Accidents Motor vehicle collisions Motor vehicle collisions Falls Falls Drowning Drowning Fires and Burns Fires and Burns Crime and Violence Crime and Violence Suicide Suicide

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Organizations that Support Responsible Drinking Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD) Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) Students Against Destructive Decisions (SADD) BACCHUS and GAMMA Peer Education Network BACCHUS and GAMMA Peer Education Network

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Problem Drinking and Alcoholism Problem drinking – alcohol pattern where the behavior creates personal difficulties or difficulties for others Problem drinking – alcohol pattern where the behavior creates personal difficulties or difficulties for others Alcoholism – chronic disease due to uncontrolled consumption Alcoholism – chronic disease due to uncontrolled consumption Blackout- a temporary state of amnesia experience by a drinker Blackout- a temporary state of amnesia experience by a drinker

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Problem Drinking and Alcoholism (cont’d) Co-dependence – relationships that support an alcoholic Co-dependence – relationships that support an alcoholic Denial – unconscious process of using defense mechanism to avoid admitting a problem Denial – unconscious process of using defense mechanism to avoid admitting a problem Enabling – supporting an alcoholic by also denying their problem Enabling – supporting an alcoholic by also denying their problem

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Treatment for Alcoholism Rehab centers Rehab centers Hospitals Hospitals Medication Medication Counseling Counseling Support groups Support groups

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Current Alcohol Concerns Adult Children of Alcoholic Parents Adult Children of Alcoholic Parents Women and Alcohol Women and Alcohol Alcohol Advertising Alcohol Advertising Alcohol Advertising in Ethnic Communities Alcohol Advertising in Ethnic Communities

© 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher Education. All rights reserved. Chapter Eight Taking Control of Alcohol Use