QFS20101 MICROKELVIN EUROPEAN MICROKELVIN COLLABORATION – Professor Mikko Paalanen Aalto University Finland

QFS20102 MICROKELVIN EU-funded network of 12 European low temperature laboratories FP7 Capacities Specific Programme Research Infrastructures EU Call INFRA Bottom-up approach: Integrating Activities in all scientific and technological fields ~ 150 applications 29 funded

QFS20103MICROKELVIN PARTICIPATING INSTITUTESCIENTIFIC REPRESENTATIVE 1. Aalto UniversityMikko Paalanen 2. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, GrenobleHenri Godfrin 3. Lancaster UniversityGeorge Pickett 4. Ruprecht-Karls-Universitaet HeidelbergChristian Enss 5. Royal Holloway and Bedford New CollegeJohn Saunders 6. Scuola Normale Superiore di PisaFrancesco Giazotto 7. Ustav Experimentalnej Fyziky Slovenskej Akademie Vied Peter Skyba 8. Universitaet BaselDominik Zumbühl 9. Technische Universiteit DelftTeun Klapwijk 10. BlueFors CryogenicsRob Blaauwgeers 11. Universiteit LeidenTjerk Oosterkamp 12. Physicalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, BerlinThomas Schurig

QFS20104 A!A!

QFS20105 WEB-SITE

QFS20106 MICROKELVIN MICROKELVIN Management structure European Commission Project coordinating person Management Committee Advisory Board Management Office Project coordinating person Administrator Web-officer Legal advisor NA-TEAM Coordinator Dissemination Committee JRA-TEAM Coordinator TA-TEAM Coordinator Selection Panel General Assembly JRA4 Activity TA1 Activity TA3 Activity TA2 Activity NA4 Activity NA3 Activity NA2 Activity NA1 Activity JRA3 Activity JRA2 Activity JRA1 Activity

QFS20107 MICROKELVIN MICROKELVIN Activities and budgets TOTAL BUDGET ,40 (EU-funding ,50 ) MANAGEMENT NA1: Managing MICROKELVIN Collaboration (Tentative budget ) NETWORKING ACTIVITIES (Tentative budget ) NA2: Coordination of transnational access NA3: Knowledge and technology transfer NA4: Strengthening European low temperature research TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS ACTIVITIES (Tentative budget ) TA1: Access to TKK TA2: Access to CNRS TA3: Access to ULANC JOINT RESEARCH ACTIVITIES (Tentative budget ) JRA1: Opening microkelvin regime to nanoscience JRA2: Ultralow temperature nanorefrigerator JRA3: Attacking fundamental physics questions by μK condensed-matter experiments JRA4: Novel methods and devices for ultra low temperature measurements

QFS20108 MICROKELVIN MICROKELVIN TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS ACTIVITIES MICROKELVIN will offer access to microkelvin refrigerators AALTO Espoo, Finland27 visitor-months18 users14 projects CNRS Grenoble, France27 visitor-months18 users14 projects ULANCLancaster, UK27 visitor-months18 users14 projects MICROKELVIN will open microkelvin regime for nanoscientists AALTOMicronova, Finland100 visitor-hours5 users5 projects MICROKELVIN will support the users of the infrastructure Scientific support Logistic and technical support Outreach to new users

QFS20109 MICROKELVIN MICROKELVIN TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS ACTIVITIES MICROKELVIN will pay travel and housing expences to the visitors per diem to the visitors to cover their other expences access fee to the host institute (about /visitor-month) Access fee covers rent of the facility salaries of the support personnel consumables

QFS MICROKELVIN MICROKELVIN TRANSNATIONAL ACCESS ACTIVITIES Selection Panel Mikko Paalanen (chair), Henri Godfrin, George Pickett, John Saunders, Peter Skyba, Jan Kees Maan, Per Delsing, Paul Leiderer and Rudolf Gross Selection Criteria The accepted experiments have to represent excellent science with unique goals. They have to be technically feasible for the available instruments in our facilities. Scientific and technical progress is expected. Preference is given to first time users from countries lacking low temperature facility. Special attention will be paid to new EU-countries and young starting professors.

QFS AALTO AALTO Low Temperature Laboratory EQUIPMENT OFFERED FOR ACCESS 1)a rotating cryostat with a 300 K base temperature 2)a stationary cryostat with a 10 K base temperature 3)2 cryostat with 20 mK base temperature 4)2 cryostats with 20 mK base temperature, 24 hour cool down time to 100 mK temperature, and 0-10 GHz range for high frequency experiments 5)magnetometer model MPMS 5T (Quantum Design), for fast susceptibility, magneto- and Hall resistance measurements at K temperatures and Tesla fields. SUPPORT PERSONNEL 2 technicians working in the machine shop 1 technician delivering the cryoliquids 1 chief engineer in charge of the cryohall and the semi clean room

QFS CNRS GRENOBLE CNRS GRENOBLE Institute Néel EQUIPMENT OFFERED FOR ACCESS 1. The ultra-low temperature dilution refrigerator and nuclear demagnetisation DN1 (100 μK), equipped with two different nuclear stages (Lancaster-type and lamellar type) 2. The ultra-low temperature dilution refrigerator and nuclear demagnetisation DN2 (100 μK – presently being installed - available end 2009) 3. The ultra-low temperature dilution refrigerator and nuclear demagnetisation DN3 (100 μK available at the end of 2009 in the Canfranc underground site (LSC) for experiments requiring good cosmic-ray shielding. 4. The high cooling power and very low temperature dilution refrigerator DR1 (T < 5 mK) 5. The very low temperature pulse-tube cooler based dilution refrigerator PT-DR3 (T < 8 mK) 6. The dilution refrigerator based 50 mK-STM facility, 7. The dilution refrigerator based 100 mK-micro-SQUID facility, 8. Access to the thermometric platform, to the low-field continuous and pulsed NMR spectrometers, and ancillary equipment. SUPPORT PERSONNEL 3 technicians 1 chief engineer 2 senior scientists DR1 1 scientist CR2

QFS LANCASTER UNIVERSITY LANCASTER UNIVERSITY Ultralow Temperature Laboratory EQUIPMENT OFFERED FOR ACCESS 1. Cryostat 4 cools superfluid 3He down to 100 μK 2. Cryostat 2 cools superfluid 3He down to < 80 μK, copper down to 10 μK 3.Cryostat 5 cools superfluid 3He down to < 80 μK, copper down to 6 μK SUPPORT PERSONNEL 2 technicians 1 senior scientists

QFS MICROKELVIN Transnational Access Activities ACCEPTED PROJECTS TA1 Aalto: 11 projects TA2 CNRS: 4 projects TA3 Lancaster: 2 projects COMPLETED PROJECTS TA1 Aalto: 8 projects 11.6 mo TA2 CNRS: 1 project 1.3 mo TA3 Lancaster: 2 projects 2.0 mo

QFS Joint Research Activity 2 (JRA2) Ultralow temperature nanorefrigerator AALTO, CNRS, RHUL, SNS, BASEL, DELFT Activity leader: Professor Jukka Pekola Objectives 1. Thermalizing and filtering electrons in nanodevices 2. To develop an electronic nano-refrigerator that is able to reach sub-10 mK electronic temperatures 3. To develop an electronic microrefrigerator for cooling galvanically isolated nanosamples AALTO and CNRS: nanorefrigeration by superconducting tunnel junctions SNS: coolers based on semiconductors (quantum wires and dots) BASEL very low temperature thermalization and filtering DELFT and RHUL: end users of the nano-coolers

QFS Task 1: Thermalizing electrons in nanorefrigerators (AALTO, CNRS, BASEL) Ex-chip filtering: Sintered heat exchangers in a 3He cell Lossy coaxes/strip lines, powder filters,... On-chip filtering: Lithographic on-chip filtering W. Pan et al., PRL 83, 3530 (1999) A. Savin et al., APL 91,

QFS Task 2: Microkelvin nanocooler (AALTO, CNRS, SNS ) Aim is to develop sub - 10 mK electronic cooler Normal metal – superconductor tunnel junctions-based optimized coolers (AALTO, CNRS, DELFT) Towards lower T: Improved quality of tunnel junctions Thermometry at low T? Lower Tc superconductor Quasiparticle relaxation studies in sc and trapping of qp:s Quantum dot cooler (SNS)

QFS Task 3: Development of a 100 mK, electronically-cooled platform based on a 300 mK 3He bath (AALTO, CNRS, RHUL, DELFT) Commercial, robust SiN membranes (and custom made alumina) as platforms (AALTO) Epitaxial large area junctions (CNRS) Optimized junctions (e-beam and mechanical masks) RHUL and DELFT use these coolers for experiments on quantum devices

QFS Deliverables Task 1 D1: Analysis of combined ex-chip and on-chip filter performance (18) D2: Demonstration of sub-10 mK electronic bath temperature of a nano- electronic tunnel junction device achieved by the developed filtering strategy (30) Task 2 D3: Analysis of sub-10 mK nano-cooling techniques including (i) traditional N-I- S cooler with low Tc, (ii) quantum dot cooler (24) D4: Demonstration of sub-10 mK nanocooling with a N-I-S junction (48) Task 3 D5: Demonstration of 300 mK to about 50 mK cooling of a dielectric platform (36) D6: Demonstration of cooling-based improved sensitivity of a quantum detector (48)

QFS MICROKELVIN JRA2 kick-off Ystad Sweden June 24, 2010 List of participants: AALTO: Jukka Pekola, Matthias Meschke, Juha Muhonen, Simone Gasparinetti SNS: Francesco Giazotto, Panayotis Spathis,Orlando Quaranta DELFT: Eduard Driessen, Nathan Vercruyssen CNRS: Hervé Courtois, Laetitia Pascal, Hung Nguyen BASEL: Dominik Zumbuhl RHUL: Giovanna Tancredi

QFS Achievements by July 2010 Task 1: AALTO: On-chip filtering suppresses significantly leakage and dissipation in NIS junctions – theoretical model developed and experimental demonstration performed BASEL: Sophisticated microwave ex-chip filtering demonstrates electron temperature of 18 mK Task 2: SNS: Quantum dot thermometry and thermal transport measurements performed AALTO: AlMn as a normal material tested for cooler purposes CNRS: Electron and phonon temperatures measured separately Task 3: CNRS: Epitaxial large tunnel junction process under way AALTO: Coolers on silicon nitride membranes produced, cooling power degraded in the first experiments by poor efficiency of the cold finger DELFT: Kinetic inductance detector fabricated and demonstrated (performance improvement by cooling) on a platform produced by AALTO RHUL: Tests of Josephson junctions on cooler platforms (together with AALTO) 5 or more articles on JRA2 either published, submitted or under preparation for publication

QFS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Please! Acknowledge the support of the European Community Research Infrastructures under the FP7 Capacities Specific Programme, MICROKELVIN project number

QFS INDIVIDUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS All MICROKELVIN employees must have an IPR argreement with their host Institute!

QFS MICROKELVIN REPORTS AND REVIEWS Periodic reports: Final Report Mid Term Review

QFS MICROKELVIN USERS MEETINGS Users Meeting 1: 15. – , Helsinki Users Meeting 2: August 2012, Lancaster In connection of QFS2012?