Chemical Reactions Chemical Change

Properties of Matter Physical Property Physical Property Characteristic of a substance Characteristic of a substance Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and boiling points, physical state Colour, odour, lustre, solubility, melting and boiling points, physical state Chemical Property Chemical Property Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance. Characteristic behaviour that occurs when a substance changes to a new substance. Chemical change Chemical change Reactants are used to create a new material called products. Reactants are used to create a new material called products.

Pure Substances and Mixtures Pure Substance Pure Substance All the particles that make up the substance are the same. All the particles that make up the substance are the same. Broken down into 2 categories: Broken down into 2 categories: 1. Elements Can not be broken down into simpler substances Can not be broken down into simpler substances 2. Compounds Pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion Pure substances that contain two or more different elements in a fixed proportion

Pure Substances and Mixtures Mixtures Mixtures Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2 categories: Combination of pure substances. Broken down into 2 categories: 1. Homogeneous Mixture Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate components are not visible. Mixture that looks the same throughout and the separate components are not visible. 2. Heterogeneous Mixture Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are visible Mixture is one in which different parts of the mixture are visible  Suspension  tiny particles cause a cloudy mixture  Salad dressing  Mechanical mixture  several solids combined  Chocolate chip cookie

Chemicals and Safety (p.511) HHPS HHPS Hazardous Household Product Symbol Hazardous Household Product Symbol WHMIS WHMIS Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System MSDS MSDS Materials Safety Data Sheet Materials Safety Data Sheet

Atomic Theory Protons Protons Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus Heavy positively charged particles found in the nucleus Neutrons Neutrons Neutral particles that have about the same mass as protons and also found in nucleus Neutral particles that have about the same mass as protons and also found in nucleus Electrons Electrons Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that circle the nucleus at different energy levels Negatively charged particles with almost no mass that circle the nucleus at different energy levels

Elements & the Periodic Table Periodic Table Periodic Table A structured arrangement of elements that helps us to explain and predict physical and chemical properties. A structured arrangement of elements that helps us to explain and predict physical and chemical properties. Atomic Structure Atomic Structure Bohr-Rutherford model Bohr-Rutherford model p. 145, fig. 4.9a p. 145, fig. 4.9a

Chemical Reactivity Valence Shells Valence Shells Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are called valence electrons. Outer shell of atom, electrons that are in that shell are called valence electrons. The chemical properties of elements are related to the energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell. The chemical properties of elements are related to the energy changes that take place when atoms lose, gain or share electrons to obtain a filled valence shell. Metals tend to lose electrons (cation) Metals tend to lose electrons (cation) Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion) Non-metals tend to gain electrons (anion)

Chemical Reactivity Atoms of Hydrogen and Oxygen are different in the number of subatomic particles they have This means that their reactivity is going to be different This means that their reactivity is going to be different 2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O 2H 2 + O 2  2H 2 O Trends in Periodic Table Trends in Periodic Table Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns) Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns) Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases Trends based on how electrons are oriented Trends based on how electrons are oriented Shells Shells

Periodic Table Atomic Number Is the number of protons in an atom of an element. Atomic Mass Is the measure of the average mass of an atom of that element. Ion Charge Ion is an atom or group of atoms with a negative or positive charge.