สถานการณ์ ท่านดูรับผิดชอบเรื่องการ เตรียมการและตอบโต้ภาวะฉุกเฉิน ของหน่วยงาน ขณะนี้ท่านได้ จัดทำแผนเผชิญเหตุของ หน่วยงานเสร็จเรียบร้อยแล้ว ท่าน ได้รับคำสั่งจากหัวหน้าหน่วยงาน ให้จัดการซ้อมตามแผนที่เขียนไว้ ท่านมีแนวทางปฏิบัติอย่างไร ?

Sequence of main tasks Categories of Tasks Major task accomplishment Flexibility is Key Flexibility is Key

Sequence of Main Tasks ReviewplanReviewplan Conduct Need Assessment AssessCapabilityAssessCapabilityDetermineExerciseScopeDetermineExerciseScope WritePurposeStatementWritePurposeStatement DevelopScheduleDevelopScheduleSendExerciseDirectiveSendExerciseDirective OrganizeDesignTeamOrganizeDesignTeamOrganizeEvaluationteamOrganizeEvaluationteam PrepareObjectivePrepareObjective WriteNarrativeWriteNarrative List Major & Detailed Event List Major & Detailed Event DetermineExpectedActionDetermineExpectedAction WritemessagesWritemessages FinalizeExerciseEnhancementFinalizeExerciseEnhancement Develop Evaluation format Develop ConductExerciseConductExercise Conduct Postexercise Meeting Conduct Postexercise Meeting Write After-Action Report Write After-Action Report Conduct Follow up Activities Conduct Follow up Activities

Task Categories Pre-Exercise Phase Exercise Phase Post-Exercise Phase Design Review plan Assess capability Address costs and liabilities Gain support/issue exercise directive Organize design team Draw up a schedule Design exercise (8 design steps) Prepare facility Assemble props and other enhancements Brief participants Conduct exercise Evaluation Select evaluation team leader Develop evaluation methodology Select and organize evaluation team Train evaluators Observe assigned objectives Document actions Assess achievement of objectives Participate in postexercise meetings Prepare evaluation report Participate in followup activities Review plan Review plan Assess capability Assess capability Address costs and liabilities Address costs and liabilities Gain support/issue exercise directive Gain support/issue exercise directive Organize design team Organize design team Draw up a schedule Draw up a schedule Design exercise (8 design steps) Design exercise (8 design steps) Review plan Review plan Assess capability Assess capability Address costs and liabilities Address costs and liabilities Gain support/issue exercise directive Gain support/issue exercise directive Organize design team Organize design team Draw up a schedule Draw up a schedule Design exercise (8 design steps) Design exercise (8 design steps) Select evaluation team leader Select evaluation team leader Develop evaluation methodology Develop evaluation methodology Select and organize evaluation team Select and organize evaluation team Train evaluators Train evaluators Select evaluation team leader Select evaluation team leader Develop evaluation methodology Develop evaluation methodology Select and organize evaluation team Select and organize evaluation team Train evaluators Train evaluators Prepare facility Assemble props and other enhancements Brief participants Conduct exercise Prepare facility Assemble props and other enhancements Brief participants Conduct exercise Observe assigned objectives Document actions Observe assigned objectives Document actions Assess achievement of objectives Participate in post- exercise meetings Prepare evaluation report Participate in follow up activities Assess achievement of objectives Participate in post- exercise meetings Prepare evaluation report Participate in follow up activities

1. Establish the Base 2. Exercise Development 3. Exercise Conduct 4. Exercise Critique & Evaluation 5. Exercise Follow up

Reviewing the current plan Conducting a needs assessment Assessing the jurisdiction’s capability to conduct exercise Defining the exercise scope Selecting the exercise type Addressing the cost & liabilities Developing a statement of purpose Gain support & announce the exercise

Assess needs. Define scope. Write a statement of purpose. Define objectives. Compose a narrative. Write major and detailed events. List expected actions. Prepare messages.

Conducting a Successful Exercise Be clear Sustain action Foster realism Establish timeline Review emergency call-off procedures Capitalize on problem situations

An important part of any exercise is evaluating how well the objectives have been achieved. The objectives might relate to such issues as: – Needed improvements in the plan. – Needed improvements in the emergency management system. – Personnel training. – Overcoming staffing deficiencies.

Exercise Follow up Strategies Assign responsibility. Monitor. Complete the cycle.

Reviewing the Current Plan Assessing Capability to Conduct an Exercise Assessing Capability to Conduct an Exercise Addressing Costs and Liabilities Addressing Costs and Liabilities Gaining Support Assembling a Design Team

What responses are currently planned (i.e., what are the hazards that the plan is intended to address)? What resources, personnel, and procedures will be used to resolve problems?

Are they different for various types of emergencies? Do roles vary according to the type of emergency? What training have response personnel experienced? What training is necessary?

When was your organization’s last exercise? What exercise experience is available in your community or organization? What is your own experience? What is your staff’s experience? How much preparation time can you reasonably expect to have allocated to developing an exercise? How much time can people devote to developing an exercise? What skills can those people provide? Assessing Capability to Conduct an Exercise

What physical facilities do you use when you conduct an emergency operation? Will they be available for an exercise? What communication facilities and systems do you use in a real emergency? Will they be available for an exercise? What attitudes do you expect of the chief executive and emergency service directors or other organizational leaders toward the exercise? Assessing Capability to Conduct an Exercise

Liabilities: Liabilities: √ Possibility of personal injury or damage to equipment. √ Check the organization’s or jurisdiction’s insurance coverage. Costs: considerations Costs: considerations – Staff salaries, overtime payment? – Contract services – Equipment and materials – Fuel to run equipment and transport volunteers – Miscellaneous items (e.g., coffee, pencils)

Gain support for the entire exercise program. Protect the organization. “Sell” the process. Announce the exercise.

The need for the exercise. Organizational capability (experience, personnel, costs). The type of exercise. The scope of the exercise. The purpose of the exercise.

Purpose. List of participating agencies, organizations, or departments. Personnel responsible for designing the exercise. Exercise date (or approximate dates). Point of contact for additional information. Notice that the nature of the emergency and the location of the exercise are not revealed.

Exercise design team leader: Who? Emergency manager? Exercise Design Team Member: Who? Background, Responsibilities Strategies for Organizing the Team Strategies for Organizing the Team

Use the team interaction to learn more about each other’s organizations. Keep lines of communication open about new ideas, potential pitfalls, successes, problems, and needs. Use job aids to make the schedule, responsibilities, and progress visible and to keep everyone “on the same page.”