Plant Reproduction Flowers, Fruits, and Seeds Take Notes on your Flower Anatomy Lab Handout 1

Angiosperms Reproductive parts are contained in the FLOWER 2

3 Flower Parts Sepal – leaf-like appendages that protect the flower bud Petal – colorful structures that attract pollinators Anther – forms pollen (male gamete) Stigma – Sticky top that will catch pollen Ovule - eggs

4 Flower Parts Filament – Holds up the anther Style – Curved neck that connects stigma and ovary Pollen – male gamete Stamen – male reproductive organ Flower – reproductive organ of the plant Add These: Pistil (aka carpal)– female reproductive organ Ovary – Base of organ that contains ovules (eggs), ovary will develop into fruit, eggs will become seeds

5 Flower Parts PETALS (COROLLA) EGG Ovule OVARY PISTIL STYLE STIGMA ANTHER FILAMENT STAMEN SEPALS (CALYX)

6 Pollination/Fertilization Pollination – when pollen (sperm) is transferred from an anther to a stigma (can be from the same plant – self- pollination) Fertilization – when pollen on the stigma enters the ovary and combines with the ovule (egg)

8 Pollinators 1.Honeybees – need a landing platform 2. Night-flying moths – need white, very fragrant flowers 3. Flies – like rotting meat smell

9 Pollinators 4. Hummingbirds – like bright colored (red or orange), tube-shaped flowers 5. Bats – like sour, musty odors (Banana tree) 6. Wind Light weight flowers, No particular color or scent.

Seeds and Fruits

11 Fruit Formation After the seed is fertilized, the ovary either becomes fleshy (like a fruit) or hard (as in a nut).

Seed Dispersal Fruit has propellers – dispersed by wind Burrs, hooks – animal fur Tasty fruit – digestive tract of animals 12

Structure of Flowers Vascular

Seed Development

Seeds

Fruit Development As angiosperm seeds mature, the ovary walls thicken to form a fruit that encloses the seeds that developed from the ovules.

Fruit Structure

Types of Fruits Hip Hesperidium Accessory Berry Pome Drupe Caryopsis Capsule Pepo Achene Multiple Nut Legume Samara SchizocarpSilique Follicle

Animal Pollination & Dispersal

Wind Pollination & Dispersal

Animal Pollination

Seed Germination Monocot Dicot

Plant Propagation & Agriculture  Vegetative reproduction includes the production of new plants from horizontal stems, cuttings, leaves, plantlets, and underground roots.  Horticulturists use plant propagation to make many identical copies of a plant or to produce offspring from seedless plants.  Most of the people of the world depend on a few crop plants, such as wheat, rice, and corn, for the bulk of their food supply. Peanut Flower

Okra

Peach

Flower Lab Clean-up Person 1 – Rinse the slide and coverslip off and place back on paper towel on back table – Put the razorblade back in the cardboard and hand it to me – Throw away the flower remains Person 2 – Put away the compound microscope Person 3 – Put away the stereroscope 27

Homework Study for test Unit 9 Review Packet – due on test day Flower lab – due on test day Plant diagrams – due on test day 28