SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Protected Permitted Left Turn Displays NCHRP 3-54 (02) Presentation to City of Beaverton Transportation Commission February 7, 2002 Kent Kacir Siemens Gardner Transportation Systems Principal Investigator Project Manager

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Presentation Outline Background Information Model 2070 Features Anticipated Uses/Current Uses Deployment Agency’s that have standardized on the Model 2070 Specifications

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Project Objective Project objective: evaluate the safety and effectiveness of different signal displays used with PPLT control  Determine PPLT usage in the U.S.  Evaluate safety and operational effects  Evaluate drivers’ understanding of various PPLT displays and indications  Evaluate field implementations of selected display(s) Project deliverables: recommend display(s) for uniform application across the U.S.

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Study Tasks Agency Survey Static Driver Survey Operational and Conflict Study Crash Analysis Interim Report and Panel Meeting Animated Driver Survey Field Study Panel Meeting and Final Report

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. MUTCD and PPLT MUTCD says that a separate traffic signal display for PPLT control is not required PPLT Display:  5-section  green arrow protected indication  green ball permitted indication  through movement indication displayed simultaneously with protected indication

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. What is the Problem? Some traffic engineers think the green ball permitted display is problematic  Argue that left-turn drivers may interpret the green ball as a protected indication At least 4 variations of the permitted indication has been developed Signal display arrangement and supplemental sign use varies

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Yellow Trap 11 66 55 22 When  1 lags … …  5 gets the yellow trap

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. RESEARCH RESULTS

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. PPLT Use in the United States 107,219 signalized intersections represented in 168 surveys analyzed 29 % of those intersections use PPLT phasing on at least one approach Intersections Without PPLT 71% PPLT Intersections 29 %

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Use of PPLT by State

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Mounting Location

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Location of Unique PPLT Indications

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Data Collection Locations

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Static Survey

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Demographics 2,465 drivers 73,950 scenarios 58 % male - 41 % female Driver’s age  27 % < 24  44% 24 to 44  21 % 45 to 65  7 % > 65

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Early Conclusions Drivers had better understanding of flashing permitted indications (less fail critical errors)  No age difference with flashing indications Drivers over the age of 65:  32 % correct response rate with green ball  Over 63 % correct response rate with flashing indications  seconds additional response time Response time lower with flashing indications

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Further Study Permitted Indication  The use of flashing permitted indications should be considered in future evaluation Driver understanding Fail critical responses Older driver comprehension  Additional study required clearance interval- right turns driving- shared lanes

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Proposed Vertical FYA Display

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. UMASS Simulator

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Example of Virtual World

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. FIELD IMPLEMENTATION

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. FYA Implementation Sites Implemented Near Implementation

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Woodburn, Oregon

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Woodburn, Oregon

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. ODOT News Release

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Local Press

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Citizen Response “My opinion is that if the intersection had flashing yellow arrows at the turn- lane, this accident may have been avoided…When I see a green light, my first reaction is “go” so I sometimes find myself responding to that trained response rather than the one that says “don’t go when another car is coming.” Alternatively, when I see a flashing yellow arrow, there is no question that I need to watch what I’m doing, look for approaching vehicles, and turn when it’s safe…”

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. What is Required ? Identify 3 intersections that are currently operating with PPLT, and that have been doing so for 3 years. Identify 3 intersections to serve as control sites. Provide background information:  Lane widths  Historical crash data  Traffic volumes Track and report change over costs and implementation issues. Provide the necessary change over (equipment and man-power). Submit a Request for Experimentation to Federal Highway Administration

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. What Does the NCHRP Contractor Do? Assist Agency in site identification Provide technical assistance related to controller logic Provide “form letter” to submit FHWA request Collect Before and After Conflict data Analyze field operational data Analyze field conflict data

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Potential Sites Western / 5 th Allen / Wilson Allen / Menlo 125 th / Longhorn

SE&A GTS – Ga r d n e r T ra n s p o r t a t i o n S y s t e m s © Siemens E&A, GTS Kittelson Associates, Inc. Questions ? Kent Kacir