Examples of TPS 1 In this section, we examine the: components of a TPS the examples of real-time transaction processing batch transaction processing

 Types of TPS:  Reservation system  POS  Library system  Environment  Data/information  Participants  Users  Information technology Examples of TPS 2 These are all examples of real-time processing

Environment  staff of travel agents and the customer  suppliers:- airlines car rental companies and hoteliers  the flow of information  the hardware and software. Examples of TPS 3

Data/information  The customer’s details  Approval of EFTPOS transaction  Reservation and ticketing information Examples of TPS 4

Participants and users  Reservation clerks at travel agent and airport clerks are participants  Passengers are users when they receive their tickets and boarding pass  Consumers become participants in a real-time process when they make a Internet reservation or swipe their credit/debit card and entering their PIN. Examples of TPS 5

Information technology  Hardware: many airlines and travel agents are linked via a networks (WAN’s, LAN’s Intranets).  Reservation systems are also linked to hotel and car rental system.  Customer users Internet to make reservation.  Travel agent enters customer details via keyboard.  Luggage are scanned using scanners.  EFTPOS terminals at travel agents to make payment.  Software:  reservation system software and Network software.  customers use internet and software.  DBMS that store customer and flight details. Examples of TPS 6

7 BEGIN Reservation Enquiry Display results Search database END Database Making a reservation

Examples of TPS 8

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 Purpose  To sell goods and services and provide current sales and stock information  Environment  Customers and staff  Suppliers  Data/information  Barcodes  Product details  Receipt  Date of transaction  Participants/users  Store staff  IT staff  Users: customers Examples of TPS 10 Information Processes –Scan product –Search databases –Update inventory –Display product information –Print receipt… Information Technology POS terminal Central computer Barcode reader Product database POS software

Examples of TPS 11 Purpose –To sell goods and services and provide current sales and stock information Information Processes Scan productSearch databaseUpdate inventory Display product info. Print receipt Participants Store staff IT personnel Suppliers Data/information Barcodes Product details Receipt Information Technology POS terminal Central computer Barcode reader POS system software

Examples of TPS 12 Finish Start Barcodes Search DB Update inventory Process payment Display prices Database Inventory Accounts Payment Receipt

Examples of TPS 13 Scanned barcodes Search DB Update Inventory Process payment Display prices Receipt Accounts Payment Inventory Database

Examples of TPS 14 PurposePurpose To keep of items borrowed from the library EnvironmentEnvironment Suppliers, borrowers, staff and network Data/informationData/information Borrowers and book details, overdue lists, inventory. Participants/usersParticipants/users Library staff Borrowers are users IT personnel Information Processes:Information Processes: Scanned barcodes, card readers Database of book categories Borrowing patterns Display and print book details Process overdue items Search network Information technologyInformation technology Barcodes and scanners Barcode readers Computer network Database software Library software Scanner and search software Security hardware and software Each transaction is completed in real-time

Examples of TPS 15 Purpose –To keep track of items borrowed from the library Information Processes Scans barcodes Search databaseProcess book info. Print accounts and borrowers info. Update database Display book info. Transmit via network Participants Library staff IT personnel SuppliersData/information Barcodes Book details Borrower details Inventories Information Technology Barcodes readers Computer network Terminals for searching Library loan software

 Front office functions  Front office functions :  Enquiries about room availability and pricing  Make the reservation and receive confirmation  Perform cancellations  Take up reservation on arrival  Close account and provide invoice real-time Front office functions are process in real-time Examples of TPS 16 Back office functionsBack office functions (Front office is usually off-line when back office functions occurs) batch processing –Night audit takes place using batch processing –Backing up the database –Posting complete occupancy settlement transactions to ledger –Execute periodic reports Back office takes place after hours during quite business period.

Cheque clearance  When a cheque is deposited into an account the money cannot be with drawn until the cheque has been cleared.  Cheque clearance usually takes three working days  Cheques are cleared as a group during the bank’s quiet period of the day.  Cheque clearance involves batch processing. Examples of TPS 17

Examples of TPS 18 Batch Processing

Bill generation  Bills are generated at a scheduled time  User can manage his/her time effectively  Less disruption to main database.  Is not done immediately but as a group (batch) Examples of TPS 19

Credit card sales transactions  Transactions are done at POS terminals and on multi-page credit slip in three fold.  The shop owner sends slips to the bank as a group (batch)  POS credit card transactions are not process immediately but are stored for later processing.  Credit card transactions are processed as a batch.  Output to customer at POS terminal is real-time.  Actual updating is processed in a batch. Examples of TPS 20

 … swipes credit card using card reader.  Card reader transmit card details to customer’s bank account.  Bank verifies credit card and customer’s account status- transmit details to POS.  Sales request customer to sign credit card receipt.  Signature is validated against the credit card signature.  Sales person completes transaction by handing over credit card, receipt and goods purchased.  Transaction is processed in real-time. Examples of TPS 21

 Customer hands over card to S_Person.  S_Person makes an impression of the card using carbonized credit card slips.  Customer signs carbonized copies.  Customer receives one copy from S_Person  One copy is sent to the bank.  All credit slips received by the bank will be batched processed at a later time. Examples of TPS 22

After studying this unit you should be able to:  Describe the components of a TPS  Identify and discuss the examples of real-time transactions and batch processing Examples of TPS 23