Class Project Report Sustainable Air Quality, EECE 449/549, Spring 2008 Washington University, St. Louis, MO The Carbon Footprint of Danforth Campus and its Causality Drivers Instructors: Professor Rudolf B. Husar, Erin M. Robinson In collaboration with WUSTL Sustainability Office See also a 5 min screencast and more details on the class wikiscreencastclass wiki Students: Devki Desai Martin Groenewegen Tyler Nading Kate Nelson Matt Sculnick Alyssa Smith Varun Yadav

Energy Use: Buildings and Transportation The impact on carbon arises from on-campus energy use and from transportation On Campus Energy Use Students Heating Cooling Appliances Faculty/Staff Transportation Commuting Air Travel University Fleet

On Campus Fuels Footprint Electricity Footprint

Sustainable Development Development with Due Care of the Environment Systems approach: linking human activities and their consequences in closed loop Each component depends on its causal upstream driver – and external forcing The causal loop can be used as an organizing principle for sustainability analysis Systems (Causality) Loop

Student, Faculty Staff Population Building Area Per Student Space –Teaching, research needs –Comfort? Actual and Forecast Building Area Building Area/Student Student Pop x Area/Student Projected Building Area New since 1990

Energy Demand Actual and Forecast Building Area Actual and Forecast Energy Demand Building Energy Efficiency –Building Design –Appliances –Usage Pattern Projected Energy Use/ Area Area x Energy Use/Area Energy Use

Carbon Footprint Actual and Forecast Carbon Footprint Actual and Forecast Energy Demand Carbon Emissions Factor –Fuel Mix –Energy Waste –Sequestration Projected Emission/ Energy Use Energy Use x Emission/Energy Use Emission

Danforth Campus Carbon Footprint

Carbon Footprint Causality Projections

Population - Energy/Goods Consumption– Materials Flow - Emissions Industr. Energy Transp. Energy ResCom.Engy Electric Energy CO2 NOx HC PM Goods &Energy,(GE) iFuels&Mater.(FM), j Emission (EM), k Ind. ChemicalsIndustr. Goods Pop., P Metals SOx a i Consump./Person b ij Fuels/Energy c jk Emission/Fuel- Industrial Prod. Transportation ResComercial EconMeasure(EM) Coal Oil Gas

Science Models – Do they Match? Social Work Model Causality Model

Carbon Footprint: Multi-Science Approach Biological, Social Physical-Eng. Sciences Social-Behavioral Science Sciences

On the Carbon Systems Model Model is a tool, not an answer A map for the activities and connections A map for placing stakeholders A container of disciplinary models

Possible Activities? WU Carbon Footprint (Actual, Observations) –Transportation Carbon –(Electric) Energy Usage –Real-time monitoring Carbon (Causality) Systems Model –Multi-science approach –Tool for testing ideas on Campus Carbon

Causality: Linear System Model

Sustainable Development – Causality Loop Economic Development with Due Care of the Environment Systems approach: linking human activities and their consequences in closed loop Each component depends on its causal upstream driver – and external environment The causal loop can be used as an organizing principle for sustainability analysis

1960- Aerosol Science (Coagulation, Bimodal Distribution) Atmospheric Science (Transport, Chemistry, Removal Processes) Atmosphere Biosphere Interactions (NAS Report) Earth Transformed by Human Action (Cambridge) Sustainability Exploration –1998- Industrial Metabolism (UN University) –1998-WUSTL Class - Sustainable Air Quality/Informatics Sustainability Multiple Perspectives, Minds –Disciplinary, Synthesizing, Creating, Respectful, Ethical –Concrete???

Systems Biology a paradigm, usually defined in antithesis to the so-called reductionist paradigm, although fully consistent with the scientific method. The distinction between the two paradigms is referred to in these quotations:paradigmreductionistscientific method Systems biology is a biology-based inter-disciplinary study field that focuses on the systematic study of complex interactions in biological systems, thus using a new perspective (integration instead of reduction) to study them... to discover new emergent properties that may arise from the systemic view in order to understand the entirety of processes that happen in a biological system.biological systemsintegrationreduction

Population Distribution Distance within 150 miles to WashU considered for analysis. Faculty/StaffStudents