Newest country Southern Sudan

Early Civilizations of the Nile Valley

Egypt I. Religion -played a major role in daily life -polytheistic -God’s controlled forces of nature -life after deathlife after death -priests and pyramids -pharaohpharaoh ruler of Ancient Egypt considered a god II. Economic ActivitiesEconomic Activities -farming -trade III. Achievements -hieroglyphics -365 day calendar -math -medicine -art Kush

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Kush I. Achievements - 750BC - King Kastha conquers Nile Valley for short time -Meroe: capital city -adapted hieroglyphics II. Historical Importance -Egyptian Influence -polytheistic -grew rich and powerful from iron industry (learned from Assyrians) -traded with Egypt and Mediterranean world -weakened by invasion and internal rivalries

Meroe Pyramids

Axum I. Achievements AD -King Ezana conquered Kush -sacred writing (geez) -controlled port cities (ivory trade) II. Historical Importance -present day Ethiopia -center of trade -Ethiopic Church (one of the oldest forms of Christianity) -lost power to Muslim empires

Closure What were the results of the interaction between civilization? exchange of knowledge and ideas –diffusion

Africa: Geography and Early History Open-Ended Questions

What is a key factor in differentiating between Africa’s climates because temperatures do not vary greatly from place to place? Amount of Rainfall

List 5 types of societies of Africa Hunting and gathering Farming Fishing Herding Urban

Factors that influences where people live in Africa. Environment Climate Geography Availability of water and resources

Tropical Wet –Hard to settle because of leaching, insects, disease, mold and rot Tropical Wet and Dry –Unpredictable/unreliable rainfall difficult on farmers/herders, desertification caused by people but still home to most Africans Desert –Few areas have grasses to support herding, not enough rain for farming Mediterranean –Supports farming and herding=large population Identify Africa’s climate regions and describe ways in which that climate has affected the ways of life of the African people.

Describe ancient Egypt in terms in terms of religion, economy activities, and achievements. Religion –polytheistic, connected to nature, life after death, Pharaoh Economic Activities –trade, farming Achievements –hieroglyphics, 365 day calendar, math, medicine, art, architecture

Bonus Info: Civilization of the Nile Valley Kush –Rich from iron industry –Meroe: capital city, center of trade Axum –King Ezana convert to Christianity –Ethiopic Church –Center for trade