The Renaissance Mr. Ermer World History Miami Beach Senior High

Europe Is Reborn From Italy Renaissance: rebirth Renaissance: rebirth Italian city-states are the centers of political, social and economic life Italian city-states are the centers of political, social and economic life These urban societies produced secular viewpoints, more $=enjoyment of luxuries These urban societies produced secular viewpoints, more $=enjoyment of luxuries Recovery from 14 th Cen.=increased interest in ancient culture (Roman) Recovery from 14 th Cen.=increased interest in ancient culture (Roman) Remains of Roman world all around, inspire Remains of Roman world all around, inspire Emphasis on individual human ability Emphasis on individual human ability

Humanism Secularism and emphasis on the individual Secularism and emphasis on the individual Based on the study of the classics Based on the study of the classics Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history Grammar, rhetoric, poetry, moral philosophy, and history Petrarch: Influenced the rise of humanism; found classic texts, stressed use of ancient Latin Petrarch: Influenced the rise of humanism; found classic texts, stressed use of ancient Latin At first, humanists very involved in civic life, by 15 th Century the humanist life was considered one of solitude and isolation At first, humanists very involved in civic life, by 15 th Century the humanist life was considered one of solitude and isolation

The Italian States Italy never develops centralized monarchy Italy never develops centralized monarchy City-states emerge as primary political unit City-states emerge as primary political unit Through the Middle Ages, Italian city-states grow rich trading with Arabs and Byzantines Through the Middle Ages, Italian city-states grow rich trading with Arabs and Byzantines Three cities emerge as powerful, trade- based city-states (Venice, Milan, Florence) Three cities emerge as powerful, trade- based city-states (Venice, Milan, Florence) Italian traders set up posts in eastern ports, picking up silks, spices, sugar & luxury goods Italian traders set up posts in eastern ports, picking up silks, spices, sugar & luxury goods Italian ships reach into western Mediterranean, trading as far out as England and the Netherlands Italian ships reach into western Mediterranean, trading as far out as England and the Netherlands

Italy’s Big Three Milan, grows rich from position along trading routes between ports and Alps Milan, grows rich from position along trading routes between ports and Alps 1300s: Visconti family comes to power, rules whole Lombardy, dynasty ends s: Visconti family comes to power, rules whole Lombardy, dynasty ends 1447 Francesco Sforza leads band of mercenaries conquers Milan, creates a strong, centralized government; Milan grows rich from efficient tax system. Francesco Sforza leads band of mercenaries conquers Milan, creates a strong, centralized government; Milan grows rich from efficient tax system. Venice, link b/w W. Europe and Asia Venice, link b/w W. Europe and Asia Grows rich from trade, controlled by rich merchant class; establishes a trading empire Grows rich from trade, controlled by rich merchant class; establishes a trading empire A republic controlled by a Doge, elected leader A republic controlled by a Doge, elected leader Florence, ruled region of Tuscany, led by small group of wealthy merchants Florence, ruled region of Tuscany, led by small group of wealthy merchants Cosimo de’ Medici comes to power, Medicis rule Florence behind the scenes Cosimo de’ Medici comes to power, Medicis rule Florence behind the scenes Economic decline leads to Medici family losing power to Girolamo Savonarola, but gain power back after his execution Economic decline leads to Medici family losing power to Girolamo Savonarola, but gain power back after his execution

Nobility grew, new nobles gain power, serve as royal advisors and gov. workers Nobility grew, new nobles gain power, serve as royal advisors and gov. workers Expected to be warriors and educated Expected to be warriors and educated Exhibit character, grace and talent Exhibit character, grace and talent Townspeople, patricians over burghers Townspeople, patricians over burghers Patricians: bankers, traders Patricians: bankers, traders Burghers: shopkeepers, artisans, guildsmen Burghers: shopkeepers, artisans, guildsmen Peasants, make up majority of pop. Peasants, make up majority of pop. Serfdom declines, rent payment replaces it Serfdom declines, rent payment replaces it Renaissance Society

Renaissance Thinking Niccolo Machiavelli, writes The Prince, most important book on politics Niccolo Machiavelli, writes The Prince, most important book on politics “For the sake of the state, the prince must ignore morality” “For the sake of the state, the prince must ignore morality” Vernacular Literature on the rise Vernacular Literature on the rise Dante writes The Divine Comedy in Italian Dante writes The Divine Comedy in Italian The Canterbury Tales, English by Chaucer The Canterbury Tales, English by Chaucer Humanist education=preparation for life Humanist education=preparation for life Goal was not to make scholars, but citizens Goal was not to make scholars, but citizens Greek Principle: sound mind, sound body Greek Principle: sound mind, sound body

Painting Fresco: paintings made on wet plaster, with water based paints Fresco: paintings made on wet plaster, with water based paints New realistic style of painting emerges New realistic style of painting emerges First “Renaissance paintings” in Florence First “Renaissance paintings” in Florence Study of movement and human anatomy helps artists paint pictures where movement is evident, and people look lifelike Study of movement and human anatomy helps artists paint pictures where movement is evident, and people look lifelike

Sculpture & Architecture Donatello spends time in Rome, studies the sculptures of the Greeks and Romans Donatello spends time in Rome, studies the sculptures of the Greeks and Romans Brunelleschi is hired by Medici to build church in Florence Brunelleschi is hired by Medici to build church in Florence Brunelleschi’s work fits human needs, not that of the divine, won’t overwhelm like Gothic Brunelleschi’s work fits human needs, not that of the divine, won’t overwhelm like Gothic

Renaissance Masters : High Renaissance brings three artistic masters: : High Renaissance brings three artistic masters: Rafael: Known for “madonnas”, and frescos in Vatican Palace. Rafael: Known for “madonnas”, and frescos in Vatican Palace. Leonardo da Vinci: master realism, strived to create idealized forms to capture perfection of nature and individuals Leonardo da Vinci: master realism, strived to create idealized forms to capture perfection of nature and individuals Michelangelo: painter, sculptor, and architect, passion to create idealized human figures to reflect divine beauty Michelangelo: painter, sculptor, and architect, passion to create idealized human figures to reflect divine beauty Northern masters begin to study in Italy, and use oil paints to paint with more detail Northern masters begin to study in Italy, and use oil paints to paint with more detail

Chapter 9 Assessment On page 174, write and answer questions 1-9 On page 174, write and answer questions 1-9