Alkali metals, earth metals, halogens, and noble gases

Proposed by Mendeleev

 Elements in the same column have similar chemical characteristics.  Periodic means repeated pattern of characteristics.  There are 18 families on the periodic table.

Group or Family

Rows are called periods

 Element names have symbols with 1-3 letters  The FIRST letter is always capitalized.  The rest of the letters are always lowercase.

 Period tell you the number of main energy level  Group tells you the number of valance electrons  Valence electrons are electrons in the outer most energy level

 Located generally on the left and center of the periodic table.  Generally solid at room temperature  Grayish Color, shiny surface, and conduct electricity.  Ductile and Malleable  Most elements are metals.

 Does not conduct electricity.  Generally gases at room temperature  Located on the right side of the periodic table.  Brittle  Dull

Metalloids have properties of metals as well as nonmetals.

Transition Elements: subgroup of the metals that often form colored compounds (B group) Transition Elements

Lanthanide & Actinide Elements: Rare Earth Metals and elements used in nuclear reactions Lanthanide Actinide

 Very reactive  Explode when exposed to water  Do not occur alone in nature  One electron in outer shell  Softer then most metals  Lithium least reactive  Francium most reactive  Needs to lose 1 e - to be like a noble gas

Lithium (Li)  Discovered in 1817 by Johann Arfvedson  Uses: batteries, ceramics, medicine Sodium (Na)  Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy  Uses: medicine, agriculture, streetlights, cosmetic products Potassium (K)  Discovered in 1807 by Sir Humphrey Davy  Uses: glass, soap, fertilizer, matches

Rubidium(Rb)  Discovered in 1861 by R. Bunsen  Uses: catalyst, photocells, special kinds of glasses and lasers Cesium (Cs)  Discovered in 1860 by Fustov Kirchoff  Uses: removes air traces in vacuum tubes, atomic clocks, treating certain cancers, infrared lamps Francium (Fr)  Discovered in 1939 by Marguerite Derey  Uses: none known  radioactive

 Have an oxidation number of +2  Very reactive  Not as reactive as Alkali metals  Not found in nature  Two electrons in outer shell  Soft metal  Low-density  Need to lose 2 electrons to be like a noble gas

Beryllium (Be)  Discovered in 1798 by Fredrich Wohler  Uses: spacecraft, missiles, aircraft Magnesium (Mg)  Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy  Necessary for the growth and metabolism of most living organisms  Uses: airplanes, missiles Calcium (Ca)  Discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy  Uses: cement, plaster, bones, teeth, shells

Strontium (Sr)  Discovered in 1790 by A. Crawford  Uses: in pyrotechnics (fireworks), magnets, medicine, flares, crimson color Barium (Ba)  discovered in 1808 by Sir Humphrey Davy  Uses: Pyrotechnics (fireworks), paint, radiology, medine Radium (Ra)  Discovered in 1898 by Pierre and Marie Curie  Uses: Medicine, cancer treatment, radioactive

 Non-metallic  “halogen” meaning “salt-former”  Have 7 electrons in their outer shell  Oxidation number of -1  At room temperature, exist in a solid, liquid, and gas form  Fluorine most reactive and Astatine least reactive  Needs to gain 1 e - to be like a noble gas

Fluorine (F)  Discovered in 1886 by Joseph Henri Moissan  Uses: refrigerants, in toothpaste Chlorine (Cl)  Discovered in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele  Uses: water purification, bleaches  Gas Bromine (Br)  Discovered in 1826 by Antoine J. Balard  Poisonous  liquid

Iodine (I)  Discovered in 1811 by Bernard Courtois  Essential in humans  solid Astatine (At)  Discovered in 1940 by D.R. Corson  Uses: none known  Man-made  radioactive

 Oxidation number of 0  Have maximum number of electrons in outer shell  Stable  unreactive

Helium (He)  Discovered in 1895 by Sir William Ramsay  Uses: balloons, deep sea diving, in stars Neon (Ne)  Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay  Uses: lighting (neon lights), liquid coolant Argon (Ar)  Discovered in 1894 by Sir William Ramsay  Lighting, welding  Most abundant

Krypton (Kr)  Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay  Uses: photography, incandescent lamps Xenon (Xe)  Discovered in 1898 by Sir William Ramsay  Uses: powerful lamps, bubble chambers, lasers  Rarest gas in the atmosphere Radon (Rn)  Discovered in 1898 by Fredrich Ernst Dorn  Uses: treating cancer  radioactive

 Color and label the following  Color in the boxes for Metals as green  Color in the boxes for Non – metals as light orange  Color in the boxes for the Metalloids as light purple  With a black pen trace the staircase  Alkali Metals ~ Outline boxes in blue  Alkaline Earth Metals ~ Outline boxes in yellow  Halogens ~ Outline boxes in brown  Noble Gases ~ Outline boxes in red

B Ge Te At Si As Sb