Synthesis and Analysis

Learn how to prepare a sample of an insoluble salt ( page 35 ) Learn to write a word equation for a precipitation reaction to make a salt potassium Chloride plus Copper sulphate = potassium sulphate plus copper chloride

Synthesis and Analysis Remember a salt is a metal joined to a non metal They swap partners in the reaction Remember an example of an insoluble salt that is made commercially by precipitation and explain why it is useful ( page 33)

Synthesis and Analysis Write a balanced symbol equation for a precipitation reaction to make a salt 2KCl + CuS0 4 k 2 S0 4 + CuCl 2 Remember that a balanced equation for a chemical reaction shows the numbers of atoms on both sides which must be the same.

Synthesis and Analysis Remember the names of acids Solids = citric and tartaric acids Liquids = sulphuric, nitric and ethanoic, hydrochloric Gases = hydrogen chloride

Synthesis and Analysis Remember that acid + metal salt + hydrogen acid + metal oxide salt + water Acid +metal hydroxide salt + water Salt + metal carbonate salt + carbon dioxide + water

Synthesis and Analysis Learn the common hydroxides are sodium, potassium and calcium You must be able to write a word equation and a balanced symbol equation for a reaction to make a soluble salt

Synthesis and Analysis Describe how to prepare a pure, dry sample of a soluble salt from an insoluble oxide or carbonate ( page 45) Remember an example of a soluble salt that is made commercially and explain why it is useful ( page 44 )

Synthesis and Analysis Remember that relative atomic mass of an element shows the mass of its atom relative to the mass of other atoms ( RAM ) Calculate the relative formula mass of a compound using the RAMS Calculate the masses of reactants and products from balanced equations

Synthesis and Analysis You must be able to calculate a) Theoretical yield b) Percentage yield c) Explain what is meant by actual yield d) Explain why it is important commercially to have a high yield

Synthesis and Analysis Remember that the reaction of acid with an alkali to form a salt and it is a neutralisation reaction Name the salt produced when a given acid and alkali react i.e. Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide sodium chloride + water

Synthesis and Analysis write down the formula of the salt produced given the formulae of the acid and the alkali acidic compounds contain hydrogen ions, H+, in water alkaline compounds contain hydroxide ions, OH– in water During a neutralisation reaction, the hydrogen ions from the acid react with hydroxide ions from the alkali to make water: H+ + OH– H 2 O

Synthesis and Analysis Describe how to carry out an acid– alkali titration accurately Use values from two or three titrations to assess the reliability of data

Synthesis and Analysis Learn that concentrations of solutions are measured in g/dm 3 and how to make up a solution. You must be able to a) Calculate the concentration of a given volume of a solution given the mass of the chemical b) Calculate the mass of the chemical in a given volume of a solution given the concentration

Synthesis and Analysis Use a balanced equation and relative formula masses to interpret the results of a titration Understand that in any chemical analysis it is important to start with a sample which is representative of the whole bulk of the material analysed