Welcome to Unit 3 Seminar! Let’s take a look at the fat soluble vitamins HW205 – Vitamins, Herbs and Nutritional Supplements Instructor: Jennifer Neily, MS, RD, CSSD, LD Registered/Licensed Dietitian

Unit 3 Learning Outcomes Upon completion of this unit, you should be able to: Upon completion of this unit, you should be able to: Understand the purpose and benefits of fat soluble vitamins. Understand the purpose and benefits of fat soluble vitamins. Be able to identify Food Sources, Deficiencies, RDA/Dosage and Forms of the fat soluble vitamins. Be able to identify Food Sources, Deficiencies, RDA/Dosage and Forms of the fat soluble vitamins. Understand the Safety/Precautions, and Spectrum of Age Issues, for each of the vitamins discussed. Understand the Safety/Precautions, and Spectrum of Age Issues, for each of the vitamins discussed.

Your Participation Tonight When you see words or sentences in italics please respond to them. When you see words or sentences in italics please respond to them. Make sure you’ve got your textbook and your resource books with you to answer the questions tonight! Make sure you’ve got your textbook and your resource books with you to answer the questions tonight!

Question to keep in mind throughout seminar We need fat in order to absorb the fat soluble vitamins. Given this, should we ever drink fat free or skim milk? We need fat in order to absorb the fat soluble vitamins. Given this, should we ever drink fat free or skim milk?

What are vitamins? Organic molecules Organic molecules Essential for human survival Essential for human survival Exist in water and fat soluble forms Exist in water and fat soluble forms Vulnerable to destruction Vulnerable to destruction Photo © AbleStock

Vitamin Classification Fat Soluble A, D, E, K A, D, E, K Do not dissolve in water Do not dissolve in water Require dietary fat for transport in blood Require dietary fat for transport in blood Excess can be stored in fat tissues of body Excess can be stored in fat tissues of body Higher potential for toxicity Higher potential for toxicity Water Soluble B complex, C Dissolve in water Easily transported in blood Excess is excreted in urine Low potential for toxicity

How are the dietary needs for vitamins represented? Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) – Expands the RDA – Includes other quantities (EAR, AI, and UL)

Question for Class Last week we discussed how most Americans do not consume a diet that meets the RDAs. Last week we discussed how most Americans do not consume a diet that meets the RDAs. We also discussed how they are currently set to prevent deficiencies. We also discussed how they are currently set to prevent deficiencies. Q: If we want the RDAs to define “optimal” intake instead of deficiency prevention what are some factors that must be considered? Q: If we want the RDAs to define “optimal” intake instead of deficiency prevention what are some factors that must be considered?

FAT SOLUBLE VITAMINS Why is Vitamin A Important? Known as retinoids Known as retinoids Functions: Functions: – Vision – Cell differentiation – Immune function RDA/AI: RDA/AI: – Men = 900 µg RAE – Women =700 µg RAE – UL = 3,000 µg RAE

Questions for Class Spectrum of age issues: At what stages of life does the conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A occur less efficiently? Spectrum of age issues: At what stages of life does the conversion of beta carotene to vitamin A occur less efficiently? Food sources: Food sources: What are some food sources of vitamin A? What are some food sources of vitamin A? Of beta-carotene? Of beta-carotene?

Why is Vitamin E Important? Also known as tocopherol Also known as tocopherol Functions: Functions: – Antioxidant RDA/AI (alpha-tocopherol): RDA/AI (alpha-tocopherol): – RDA = 15 mg – UL = 1,000 mg – Commonly expressed in IUs (International Units) – 1 mg = 1.49 IUs Source: USDA

Questions for Class Spectrum of age issues: Q: What are some deficiency/spectrum of age issues related to vitamin E? Spectrum of age issues: Q: What are some deficiency/spectrum of age issues related to vitamin E? Food sources: Q: What are some good food sources of vitamin E? Food sources: Q: What are some good food sources of vitamin E? Supplements: Q: What is the best form to use in supplements? Supplements: Q: What is the best form to use in supplements?

Why is Vitamin K Important? Also known as quinones Also known as quinones Functions: Functions: – Blood clotting – Bone mineralization AI: AI: – Men = 120 µg – Women = 90 µg – UL not established Source: USDA

Questions for Class Spectrum of age issues: Q: Is there an increased need for this nutrient at any time in the lifecycle? Spectrum of age issues: Q: Is there an increased need for this nutrient at any time in the lifecycle? Food sources: Q: What are some good food sources of vit K? Food sources: Q: What are some good food sources of vit K? Can you think of anyone in particular that needs to watch their vitamin K intake? Why? Can you think of anyone in particular that needs to watch their vitamin K intake? Why?

Why is Vitamin D Important? “Sunshine” vitamin “Sunshine” vitamin Functions: Functions: – Controls blood calcium levels – Bone growth/development RDA/AI: RDA/AI: – AI = 5 to 15 µg – UL = 50 µg

Vitamin D Signs of deficiency: Signs of deficiency: – Rickets – Osteoporosis Symptoms of toxicity: Symptoms of toxicity: – Hypercalcemia – Muscle weakness – Heart arrthymias – Kidney stones Source: USDA

Questions for Class Spectrum of age issues: Q: Name one related to vit D deficiency. Spectrum of age issues: Q: Name one related to vit D deficiency. Forms of vit D: Q: Of the 2 forms of vit D, D2 and D3, which is the active form? Forms of vit D: Q: Of the 2 forms of vit D, D2 and D3, which is the active form? Q: What form is in inexpensive supplements? Q: What form is in inexpensive supplements? Q: What form is added to foods? Q: What form is added to foods?

Question for Class Q: We need fat in order to absorb the fat soluble vitamins. Given this, should we ever drink fat free or skim milk? Q: We need fat in order to absorb the fat soluble vitamins. Given this, should we ever drink fat free or skim milk?

Answer Although it is true that we need some fat to absorb vitamin D from our digestive system, the fat does not have to come from the same food. As long as there is a small amount of fat present in our digestive system, that appears to be enough. A diet that has at least 10 gm/d of fat appears to be sufficient (Williams, 2007). Although it is true that we need some fat to absorb vitamin D from our digestive system, the fat does not have to come from the same food. As long as there is a small amount of fat present in our digestive system, that appears to be enough. A diet that has at least 10 gm/d of fat appears to be sufficient (Williams, 2007).

Summary The fat soluble vitamins include A, D, E, K The fat soluble vitamins include A, D, E, K They are stored in soft tissues They are stored in soft tissues They are organic, meaning they contain carbon They are organic, meaning they contain carbon They require a small amount of fat to be present in the digestive system for absorption They require a small amount of fat to be present in the digestive system for absorption Know what forms to look for in quality supplements Know what forms to look for in quality supplements

Questions for Me?? If you have questions please just ask: If you have questions please just ask: me at me at IM me at JenniferNeilyRD IM me at JenniferNeilyRD Post to Course Questions area Post to Course Questions area Please always read your announcements including the unit summaries and unit intros Please always read your announcements including the unit summaries and unit intros Late policy – please review syllabus Late policy – please review syllabus