2014 PLANT COMMUNITIES Výukový materiál EK Tvůrce: Mgr. Šárka Vopěnková Tvůrce anglické verze: ThMgr. Ing. Jiří Foller Projekt: S anglickým jazykem do dalších předmětů Registrační číslo: CZ.1.07/1.1.36/ Tento projekt je spolufinancován ESF a SR ČR

 plant community or phytocoenosis:  set of populations various plant taxons  it populates a certain habitat  it makes up a substantial component of biocoenosis and the whole ecosystem  characteristic for communities:  structure  specific composition PLANT COMMUNITIES

 seed bank:  it is composed of viable seeds in the state of vegetation standstill = dormant stand  they are accumulated in the soil  they can gradually germinate and complete the vegetation PLANT COMMUNITIES

 vertical structure (layer type):  organization of plant parts into more or less distinct layers – storeys  above the earth and under the earth surface  storeys:  trees  bushes  herbs  moss  root storeys PLANT COMMUNITIES

 horizontal structure:  layout of plant populations on the earth surface the structure of communities is usually not fully unchangeable  big changes in the time, caused by the weather  seasonal changes of the phytocoenosis  spring aspect of the floodplain forest PLANT COMMUNITIES

 mutual relations in plant communities:  competitive  mutualistic  parasitic  relations herbivora (planteaters) - plants  epiphytism PLANT COMMUNITIES

 competitive relations:  competition  based on negative influence between two or more organisms  they use common limited source of nutrition  interspecies competition  introspecies competition  the consequence of the competition is the growth reduction and retardation of development  and retardation of development PLANT COMMUNITIES

 mutual relations:  Set of relationsbased on mutual positive influence between both of the populations  a) looser relations > by the pollination and spreading of seeds by animals  b) close symbiotic relations > mycorhisis, nodule bacteria + French bean plants PLANT COMMUNITIES

 epiphytism:  relation when a plant (epiphyt) is attached to another one, which it uses as a pad  algae  cyanophyta  lichens  in equatorial regions:  ferns  higher plants PLANT COMMUNITIES

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 KINCL, Lubomír, Miloslav KINCL a Jana JAKRLOVÁ. Biologie rostlin: pro 1. ročník gymnázií. 4., přeprac. vyd. Praha: Fortuna, 2006, 302 s. ISBN SOURCES