distinct geography strong EUROPEAN culture common history, economics, & politics mostly Caucasians who speak Indo- European languages ex. French, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish…

Members of the Indo-European Language Family

High living standards literacy health care income levels

Industrial Strength energy resources technological development

Cultural Accomplishments architecture fine art music cuisine theatre

REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS REGIONSREGIONSREGIONSREGIONS

stretches across northern Europe fertile land = farming communities frequent storms roll out from Atlantic encouraged people to be adaptable

Peninsula: a point of land nearly surrounded by water

Northern Peninsulas Jutland Peninsula Scandinavian Peninsula

Southern Peninsulas Iberian Peninsula Italian Peninsula Balkan Peninsula Anatolean Peninsula Crimean Peninsula

many communities developed along rivers, on the coast, and on the peninsulas these settlements had easy access to water, power, and transportation people soon developed ability to travel over water and fish for food trade began with these abilities

trade within Europe, then with other world regions Greeks, Romans, Vikings, British, Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch sent explorers to find new lands to conquer, to settle, and collect or trade for the natural resources Europe desired the new colonies ruled by governments in Europe

Colour and label the map of Europe… – Use the following map or use the map in your textbook on page 209 – Be sure to include country names and bodies of water

B o d i e s of W a t e r B o d i e s of W a t e r Mediterranean Sea North Sea Atlantic Ocean Baltic Sea Black Sea Aegean Sea Adriatic Sea Tyrrhenian Sea Bay of Biscay Strait of Gibraltar Dardanelles Strait Arctic Ocean English Channel Caspian Sea

The Mediterranean Sea: Mare Nostrum e 2,400 miles long & 1,000 miles wide e “Crossroads of 3 Continents” Caesarea on the Israeli coast Strait of Gibraltar & the “Pillars of Hercules”

RiversRiversRiversRivers RiversRiversRiversRivers Danube R. Seine R. Rhine R. Loire R. Po R. Tiber R. Tagus R. Thames R. Elbe R. Oder R. Vistula R. Dnieper R. Volga R. Don R. Ebro R.

The Danube River 1770 miles

The Danube River  Flows through the 12 countries of Germany, Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, and the Ukraine. Where Buda & Pest Meet Biking Along the Danube

The Volga River e The longest river in Europe --> 2,300 miles.

The Volga River e The river is so polluted that the sturgeon catch has been decreased by 60%.

Capitals on the Rivers (1) Paris, right bank of the Seine London on the Thames Prague on the Vltava Budapest on the Danube

Capitals on the Rivers (2) Berlin on the Spree Moscow on the Moscow River Rome on the Tiber Vienna on the Danube

Why are most of the capitals of European countries on rivers?

people needed safe food supply meat too scarce, too expensive, too hard to preserve fish abundant, easily caught, could be salted, smoked, dried, or marinated easily

Read “Internal Tensions” on pages 211 & 212 of your textbook Complete questions 7, 8, 9a, c, d

Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Moutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&PeaksMoutains&Peaks Alps Mts. Pyrennes Mts. Apennines Mts. Dinaric Alps Carpathian Mts. Caucasus Mts. Ural Mts. Mt. Etna ^ Mt. Vesuvius ^ Mt. Olympus ^

ElevationElevation Alps Carpathians Caucasus Urals Pyrennes Apennines

The Alps e Cover most of Switzerland, Austria, and parts of Italy and France.

Mt. Blanc in the Alps e Highest mountain in the Alps: 15,771 feet

The Caucasus Mountains e The origin of the word Caucasian.

Transylvania in the Carpathian Mountains e Home of Vlad Tepeš, the Drakul (“Count Dracula”)

Ural Mountains: “The Great Divide” e Divides the European and Asian sections of Russia miles

The Ural Mountains

What effect do you think the mountains had on the settling of Europe? How do they affect tourism in Europe?

World Population by Continents Asia3,737,000,000 Africa823,000,000 Europe729,000,000 North America 486,000,000 South America 351,000,000 Oceania (incl. Australia) Oceania (incl. Australia) 31,000,000 Antarctica no permanent population

Population Density [People Per Square Mile] Belgium336.82Mexico52.15 Japan United States India336.62World14.42 United Kingdom Norway14.42 Italy192.96Canada 3.36 France108.09Russia 8.61

Population Distribution

Population Growth

Major Religious Groups in Europe