THE WAR EXPANDS Chapter 7, section 2 Pages Bell Ringers: 1. Read the headings on pages Who becomes involved in the Americans’ revolt? Why might other countries aid the Patriots? 2. Now read the headings on pages Where does the fighting move?

HELP FROM ABROAD What role did Benjamin Franklin play in helping America win? The role Benjamin Franklin played in helping America win was to persuade France to be the ally of the United States. Why did France and Spain ally themselves with the United States? France and Spain allied with the Untied States because they were both enemies with Britain, and Britain had taken both of their lands. How did the allies take some of the attention away from the America’s?

EUROPEANS HELP WASHINGTON What were Lafayette’s early contributions? He volunteered to serve in Washington’s army. He believed in the American cause and also wanted a military career. He persuaded the French king to send a 6,000 man army to America. Also he used his own money to buy his troop warm clothing, this earned him their trust. How did Barons de Kalb and von Steuben help Washington? Baron de Kalb and von Steuben helped General Washington in many ways Baron de Kalb became a General and was known for his bravery. Von Steuben helped the soldiers how to fight. He also trained the army this in included: teaching them to move in lines and columns and how to handle weapons properly, and practicing charges.

WINTER AT VALLEY FORGE What kinds of help did the Americans need from their allies? They needed shirts, shoes, coats, hats, and food. What hardships did the troops endure during the winter? They grew weak from lack of clothing and food, most of them died from the cold from malnutrition, or diseases such as small pox and typhoid fever. How did the private citizens help the revolutionary case? Women brought ten oxen into the camps carrying supplies and 2,000 shirts, then they killed the oxen and used them for food. What were two explanations for why American soldier did not leave? 1. for the “Love of our Country” 2. for Washington, they “loved him. They’d sell their lives for him.”

WAR ON THE FRONTIER How did Clark justify his request for a command? Why was Clark’s victory at Vincennes important? Clark’s victory at Vincennes was important because it gave Americans the region between the Great Lakes and the Ohio river. That was more than half the size of the thirteen original states.

VICTORY AT VINCENNES After being forced out of Vincennes by the French Clark was set on retaking it. Doing the unknown they set out from Kaskaskia which went through overflowing rivers. The water was over the banks and flooding the woods around it. This caught Hamilton by surprise, Clark then “pretended to have a larger force than he really had.” That frightened the British and they left. After that Clark captured Native Americans that allied with the British. They had scalps attached to their belts because Hamilton would reward people for them. Clark killed most of them and said “he would do the to Hamilton and his men if they didn’t surrender immediately.” The British surrendered.

WAR AT SEA Why did the colonists need to challenge Britain’s control of the seas? About 100 warships were on the American coast, so they were controlling the Atlantic trade routes. Why did privateers contribute to the war effort? The privateers contributed to the war efforts because they got the share of money that they got from selling the cargo. Since they all wanted the money they would be making they got over 1,000 privateers to take the British ships. One astonishing boy who was fourteen years old named James Forten signed up to go on the Royal Louis. He wanted to earn money for his dad. The ship eventually got captured by the British. “The British offered him a free trip to England. Forten refused, saying he would never betray his country.” After being released from a British prison he walked from New York to Philadelphia with no shoes. In the end he became a famous for his efforts to end slavery.

A NAVAL HERO John Paul Jones is known for his famous sea battle. He was the commander of the ship Bonhomme Richard. His job was to patrol the English coast along with some other ships. Two British warships were guarding some supply ships, Jones rammed into the bigger of the British vessel. The British captain told him to surrender then Jones said “I have not yet begun to fight!” After fighting for 3 and a half hours the main mast fell from the warship and the captain surrendered. The Bonhomme Richard sank they sailed away on the British warship.

VOCABULARY WORDS Ally- is a country that agrees to help another country achieve a common goal Marquis de Lafayette-was a nineteen year old French nobleman who volunteered to serve in Washington’s Army, he was given Command of an Army Division Bayonet-long steel knives attached to the Ends of guns Desert-to leave military duty without intending to returning Privateer-is a privately owned ship that a wartime government gives permission to attack an enemy’s merchant ships James Forten-the son of a free African-American sail maker, he refused to betray his country John Paul Jones-an officer who won the most famous sea battle, he was the commander of the Bonhomme Richard