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Chapter 7 The American Revolution

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1 Chapter 7 The American Revolution

2 What would you sacrifice to win freedom?
What sacrifices do soldiers at war make? What sacrifices do regular civilians make? Is it worth independence?

3 Revolutionary War Colonists (Patriots) British (Loyalists)
VS. British (Loyalists) Fighting for independence from British rule in the colonies

4 Americans Divided 20-30% of colonists were Loyalists
40-45% of colonists were Patriots The rest remained neutral – not siding with one country or the other

5 Continental Army Continental Army – colonists fighting for independence untrained & undisciplined volunteers - G. Washington – commanding General African Americans fought for both sides offered freedom if they fought Divided families fathers and sons fought for different sides Benjamin Franklin’s son fought for the British

6 The Crossing The British troops tried to capture coastal cities so their navy could land troops and supplies. Washington’s troops crossed the Delaware river on Christmas Day, 1776 mercenary – a professional soldier hired to fight for another country. Hessians (German soldiers) were hired to fight for the British.

7 British strategy The British strategy NEW YORK
seize the Hudson River Valley NEW YORK strategy – an overall plan of action If successful, they would have cut off access to New England colonies.

8 Battle of Saratoga Saratoga
turning point in the Revolutionary War U.S got help from the French after this battle The British were being defeated in many battles British troops became tired and many died in battles At Saratoga, the Continental Army fired day and night on the British troops and the British surrendered

9 First American Flag On June 14, 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the stars and stripes design for the U.S. flag Betsy Ross sewed the first flag for George Washington

10 FRANCE – began to give secret aid to the Americans
U.S. gets help! As a result of the Battle of Saratoga the U.S. got help To defeat the mighty British, the U.S needed an ally ally – a country that agrees to help another country to achieve a common goal. They needed an ally that had money, troops & ships. Also needed to be a British enemy. FRANCE – began to give secret aid to the Americans

11 France & others help out
France began to send supplies and troops to America in 1778. Spain, Germany & Poland began to send officers to help Washington and the Americans. Marquis de Lafayette 19-yr-old French nobleman volunteered to serve in Washington’s army given command of a whole division Washington considered him like a son

12 Marquis de Lafayette

13 Germans train military
German soldiers helped to train the U.S. troops Taught U.S. soldiers how to move in lines and handle weapons properly Taught U.S. soldiers to use bayonets – long steel knives attached to the ends of guns

14 Winter at Valley Forge Washington and his army camped at Valley Forge in Penn. in the winter of 1777 VERY COLD! Men lacked shoes & blankets Some men's legs froze and had to be amputated (cut off) 25% of the soldiers died at Valley Forge Became a symbol of hardships of war Some soldiers would desert – leave military duty without returning

15 War at Sea By 1777, Britain had about 100 warships
American privateers attacked British ships A privateer is a privately owned ship that is given permission during wartime to attack an enemy’s ship During the war over 1,000 privateers captured hundreds of British ships

16 John Paul Jones John Paul Jones won most famous sea battle
against the ship Serapis Jones’ success against the best navy in the world angered the British and inspired the Americans “I have not yet begun to fight!”

17 British try the South The British could not capture the North, so they tried to capture the South General Lord Cornwallis led the British army

18 Militia help in the South
Francis Marion (called the Swamp Fox) led the militia out of South Carolina to help fight Like Benjamin Martin in The Patriot The militia fought more like guerrillas small bands of fighters who weaken the enemy with surprise raids and hit-and-run attacks Remember The Patriot??

19 The End of the War General Cornwallis set up his base in Yorktown A large French fleet of boats arrived in Yorktown and trapped the British

20 The End of the War The Battle of Yorktown was the last battle of the Revolutionary War Cornwallis surrendered and America won the war!

21 American Advantages in Rev. War
America WINS! Americans won independence even though they faced many obstacles American Advantages in Rev. War 1. Better leadership – never gave up 2. Foreign help – French 3. Knowledge of Land – familiar with roads, landforms (geographical) 4. Motivation – wanted independence

22 The Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris 1783
ended the Revolutionary War The United States was independent Boundary of the United States was Mississippi River, Canada, Spanish Florida

23 US in 1783


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