To the teacher: This CPO Science PowerPoint presentation is designed to guide you through the process of presenting the lesson to your students. The presentation uses a 5-E teaching model: Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate. The PowerPoint Slide notes indicate where you may want to bring in various lesson elements such as quizzes, readings, investigations, animations, and practice materials. Additional science background information is provided in the slide notes where appropriate. You can view these notes by selecting “View,” then “Normal.” You will see the notes pane at the bottom of the PowerPoint workspace. Additionally, the slide notes are available as a separate document, accessible from the lesson home page. The slides that follow are intended for classroom use. About the slide notes: The slide notes for this presentation are available in a separate document that you can print and look at while you use the slides. You can access the slide notes document from your teacher lesson home page. Enjoy the lesson!

Three questions A living thing can belong to one of three groups: domain Archaea, domain Bacteria, or domain Eukarya. Domain Eukarya includes the kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia. To pick the right group, scientists often ask the three questions at right. Answer the three questions for the following organisms: E. coli Human being Starfish Water flea Puffball Daffodil ENGAGE: Answers to the questions: E. coli (no nucleus, single-celled, consumer since it needs nutrients), water flea (nucleus, multicellular, consumer), human being (nucleus, multicellular, consumer), puffball (nucleus, multicellular, consumer--a decomposer), starfish (nucleus, multicellular, consumer), daffodil (nucleus, multicellular, producer).

Time to investigate! Complete the lesson investigation: Classifying Living Things EXPLORE: Lead the lesson investigation: Classifying Living Things. The graphic on this slide provides a dichotomous key that students may use to classify the organisms they find by kingdom.

Classifying by type of cells All living cells can be classified into two groups: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. prokaryotic cell - a cell that does not have a nucleus or membrane-covered organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotic. eukaryotic cell - a cell that has a nucleus and membrane-covered organelles. Animals, plants, fungi, and protozoans are eukaryotic. EXPLAIN: More about prokaryotic cells: The word prokaryotic means “before nucleus” in Greek. Scientists believe that all life on Earth came from these cells. The oldest fossils of bacteria are estimated to be 3.5 billion years old. The DNA in a prokaryotic cell is bunched up in the center of the cell. The organelles are not covered with a membrane. All prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. More about eukaryotic cells: The word eukaryotic means “true nucleus” in Greek. The oldest fossils of eukaryotic cells are about 2 billion years old. There is more DNA in these types of cells and it is found in the nucleus. These cells have membrane-covered organelles. They tend to be about 10 times larger than prokaryotic cells.

Type of cells EXPLAIN: The graphics on this slide support the previous slide. Note: Help students understand that the cells featured are very small. As mentioned on the previous slide’s notes, prokaryotic cells are much smaller than eukaryotic cells. For example, a human cheek cell (a eukaryotic cell) is visible with the aid of a microscope using a 40x objective or higher.

Classifying by how a living thing gets energy A producer can make its own food. Another name for a producer is autotroph. A consumer eats other living things for food and energy. Another name for a consumer is heterotroph. EXPLAIN: Some bacteria, some protists, algae, and plants are able to produce their own food. Consumers may be herbivores (plant-eating), carnivores (animal-eating), or omnivores (both plant- and animal-eating). Decomposers like bacteria and fungi are also considered to be consumers.

Classifying by mode of reproduction There are two types of reproduction: asexual and sexual. Asexual reproduction is reproduction that requires only one parent. Most single-celled organisms like bacteria and protozoans reproduce this way. Offspring are identical to the parent. Sexual reproduction is a type of reproduction that involves special types of cells called sex cells. Off-spring have a new combination of genetic material from the sex cells of the parents. EXPLAIN: More about asexual reproduction: Asexual reproduction is reproduction that requires only one parent. Most single-celled organisms like bacteria and protozoans reproduce this way. Cell division is a type of asexual reproduction. Body cells reproduce this way. In asexual reproduction, the DNA and internal structures are copied. Then the parent cell divides, forming two cells that are exact copies of the original. More about sexual reproduction: Sex cells (also known as gametes) contain half the number of chromosomes as body cells (all of the other cells in a multicellular organism). Human body cells are diploid and have 46 chromosomes. Human sex cells are haploid and have 23 chromosomes. The male sex cells are called sperm. The female sex cells are called eggs.

Time for Practice! Complete the lesson practice activity below: For each organism below, name the kingdom, type of cells, mode of obtaining energy, and mode of reproduction. ELABORATE: Students may need to research answers to these questions. Answers are: A. Animalia, eukaryotic and multicellular, a consumer, sexual reproduction; B. Eubacteria or Archaebacteria, prokaryotic and single-celled, could be a producer or consumer, asexual reproduction; C. Protista (this is a Euglena), eukaryotic and single-celled, can act as a producer and a consumer, asexual reproduction; D. Plantae, eukaryotic and multicellular, producer, sexual reproduction.

Show what you know! Try the lesson’s interactive quiz, or complete a quiz that your teacher can print out for you. Hint: You might want to review your lesson reading piece one more time before trying the quiz. EVALUATE: Print out the 10-question quiz for students to complete, or have students work individually at computers to complete the interactive quiz they can access from the multimedia lesson home page.