ESDS Qualidata: Establishing and sustaining qualitative data archiving Libby Bishop ESDS Qualidata, University of Essex National University of Ireland-Maynooth Maynooth 4 March 2008

ESDS Qualidata function of the Economic and Social Data Service (ESDS) specialist service led by the UK Data Archive at the University of Essex acquires, provides access to, and support for, a range of qualitative datasets on a national scale responsible for enhancing qualitative data and documentation provides information and training resources for re-analysing qualitative data

Re-using data Archived qualitative data are a rich, yet often unexploited, source of research material. They offer information that can be re-analysed, reworked, and compared with contemporary data. In time, too, archived research materials can prove to be a significant part of our cultural heritage and become resources for historical as well as contemporary research.

UKDA: sources of data Data for research and teaching purposes and used in all sectors and for many different disciplines official agencies - mainly central government international statistical time series individual academics - research grants market research agencies public records/historical sources qualitative and quantitative links to UK census data access to international data via links with other data archives worldwide

Brief background to Qualidata project to save ‘endangered’ qualitative social research material identified: –collated and organised –catalogued and described –metadata created –deposited with ‘paper’ archives –collections promoted –user support

Next phase – archiving digital data merged with UK Data Archive (est. 1968) in 2001 –into an established quantitative digital archive –moving towards electronic and online dissemination –small onsite paper archive maintained National Social Policy and Social Change Archive (NSPSCA) –links with other traditional archives continued ESDS funded in 2002

NSPSCA screen shot

Qualitative data resources What is in the archive? How can I find it? How can I access it? How can I use it?

What is in the archive? diverse data types: in-depth interviews ; semi- structured interviews; focus groups; oral histories; mixed methods data; open-ended survey questions; case notes/records of meetings; diaries/ research diaries multi-media: audio, video, photos and text (most common is interview transcriptions) formats: digital, paper, analogue audio-visual

Archiving criteria relative importance or impact of the study e.g., influence in its field or representing the working life of a significant researcher complementary to existing data holdings popularity of the study topic (health, criminology, social policy) data that have further analytic potential than the original investigation. mixed methods data raw data or methodology

Old media most new collections are born digital but much older data in paper format will digitise paper: –scan and OCR samples of key data –scan as image files to enable faster throughput may digitise sound from audio tape facilitate archiving of larger non-digital collections in traditional other archives across the UK –but may selectively digitise ‘highlights’

Paper based datasets Peter Townsend – poverty, old age Paul Thompson – oral history and the Edwardians Mildred Blaxter – grandmothers and daughters Dennis Marsden – fatherless families National Social Policy and Social Change Archive

Contemporary datasets Grandparents and Teen Grandchildren: Exploring Intergenerational Relationships, A Cross-Generational Investigation of the Making of Heterosexual Relationships, Classroom Assistants in Primary Schools: Employment and Deployment, Penal Communication, Gender Divisions and Gentrification, Meeting Basic Needs? Exploring the Survival Strategies of Forced Migrants, 2004

How is research archived? Data are ‘processed’ –error checking/validation of contents –consent and confidentiality agreements met –creation of user guides, listings –access conditions agreed and applied New guide to data processing techniques now online:

Archiving, cont. digital archives preserve originals –supply copies –conform to licences and any access conditions access to such archives requires: –material in good order (processed) –searchable catalogue records –user guides and related documentation –explored through online search engine

Qualitative data resources What is in the archive? How can I find it? How can I access it? How can I use it?

UKDA Catalogue screen shot

Qualitative data resources What do we have? How can I find it? How can I access it? How can I use it?

Qualitative data resources What do we have? How can I find it? How can I access it? How can I use it?

Ethical and consent considerations questions of confidentiality and agreements made at the time of fieldwork archived data should always conform to ethical and legal guidelines with respect to the preservation of anonymity when this has been requested by informants or guaranteed to them achieve this by various strategies editing the original data restricting access/vetting obtaining legal undertakings to protect respondents’ confidentiality

Teaching and learning transcripts can provide unique case material for teaching and learning in both research methods and substantive areas across a range of social science disciplines designing a new study or developing a methodology or research tool by studying sampling methods, data collection and fieldwork strategies and topic guides ESDS Qualidata can advise teachers and students on many aspects of using data resources in lectures and for self-study –providing a number of teaching datasets and associated learning materials –training workshops and online materials

Finally… some recent innovations enhanced collections –longer period of processing –more contextual material –new documentation on methods –SN Education and the Working Class, d=1685 subject specific user guides ESDS Qualidata – Online data browsing system

Lessons from Qualidata’s experience Technical change is hard, cultural change is harder still Re-use, re-use, re-use User-centred development –From consent forms… –To the classroom Be patience but persistent

Web pages

The Timescapes Data Bank Libby Bishop National University of Ireland Maynooth, 4 March 2008

Timescapes is about… Personal Relationships and Identities Family life, friendship Intimacy, care and support Rationale: Changing patterns of family life and personal relationships Enduring emotional significance of family life and personal relationships

Time a multi dimensional concept Methodological: combining time and texture in a qualitative longitudinal study Conceptual: exploring three timescapes: biographical time; generational time, historical time Timescapes is about …

Scaling up QLL Enquiry through Timescapes Breadth of the study – across linked projects Longitudinal reach - accruing value through time Creating a specialist archive of Timescapes data, a devolved, thematic dataset linked to the ‘live’ study Building a community of users for an enduring, expanding resource based on principles of data sharing

Longitudinal, multi-media, thematic data Designing for reuse by engaging researchers from the start –Expert descriptions of deposited data –Primary/secondary researcher collaborations University of Leeds and UK Data Archive collaboration– efficient and embedded The Timescapes Archive: Desirable and Shareable

Timescapes Affiliates and Associates Authorised Users Public Multimedia data and metadata created (SIP*) Data, metadata, contextual info available to search (DIP*) 2.Standards-compliant data prepared for preservation Timescapes data preserved (AIP*) Virtual catalogue record-pointer to resources held at UoL Information and Data Flows among Researchers, the Timescapes Repository, and the UK Data Archive Timescapes RepositoryDisaggregated preservation service *SIP-Submission Information Package *AIP-Archival Information Package *DIP-Dissemination Information Package Rights and data management, metadata standards Strands Research Projects Data producers and users Data users Data Information Rights and data manage- ment, metadata standards

Timescapes Affiliates and Associates Authorised Users Public Multimedia data and metadata created (SIP*) Data, metadata, contextual info available to search (DIP*) 2.Standards-compliant data prepared for preservation Timescapes data preserved (AIP*) Virtual catalogue record-pointer to resources held at UoL Information and Data Flows among Researchers, the Timescapes Repository, and the UK Data Archive Timescapes RepositoryDisaggregated preservation service *SIP-Submission Information Package *AIP-Archival Information Package *DIP-Dissemination Information Package Rights and data management, metadata standards Strands Research Projects Data producers and users Data users Data Information Rights and data manage- ment, metadata standards