Knee Aspiration

Knee Infections Synovial fluid: Normal: <200 WBC’s, <25% polys, gram stain - Noninflammatory : <2000 WBC’s, <25% polys, gram stain – Inflammatory: 5000-75000 WBC’s, 50-75% polys, gram stain – Septic: >50000 WBC’s, >75% polys, gram stain +/- Hemorrhagic: similar to normal blood levels, gram stain - Knee Infections

Osteoarthritis Rheumatoid arthritis Gouty arthritis Chronic Knee Pain

What is Osteoarthritis? Cartilage deteriorates and friction is created between bone surfaces. Symptoms include: Chronic knee pain Knee stiffness Difficulty with everyday activities (walking, driving, stair climbing) Osteoarthritis is extremely debilitating for many people. It’s caused by the cartilage between the joints wearing away, leading to symptoms such as pain, stiffness and difficulty with even the simplest activities Audience participation question How many of you had trouble just getting here today because of your osteoarthritis, with driving or walking into this building? People with OA find that many simple activities most of us take for granted are now difficult.

Pain! Instability Locking Swelling Symptoms of Arthritis

Clinical Findings - Arthritis Pain with motion Limited range of motion Crepitus Limp Swelling/Effusion Clinical Findings - Arthritis

Diagnosis of Arthritis Patients symptoms Clinical exam findings Radiographs MRI/CT (rarely) Laboratory tests Diagnosis of Arthritis

Diagnosis of Arthritis Clinical exam findings