C Q R Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY Emergency Power Conference Monday, November 22, 2004 Bell Labs Network Reliability & Security Office Washington, DC Emergency Power Conference Monday, November 22, 2004 Bell Labs Network Reliability & Security Office Washington, DC

C Q R Facilitator: Marie Royce, Lucent Technologies Scribe: Jim Runyon, Bell Labs, NRIC & NRSC Facilitator: Marie Royce, Lucent Technologies Scribe: Jim Runyon, Bell Labs, NRIC & NRSC IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY Steven Dworkin, BatteryCorp Ira Bloom, Argon National Laboratories Frank Ignazzitto, ReliOn Manisa Pipattanasomporn, VA Tech Charlie Romano, Verizon Ken Smith, AT&T Howard Bland, Raytheon Amarjeet Basra, IEEE Bob DeMart, Nextel Jack Edwards, Nortel David Frigeri, Internap Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration

C Q R Best Practices – Existing (Wireline) - -Battery = 8 hours for OSP (sufficient?) - -Generator - -Fixed Generators (typical 72 hours fuel) - -Portable Generators (DOT limits to ~200 gal transport w/o fuel trailer) Best Practices – Existing Technologies (Wireless) - -Battery = 2-4 hours (up to 8 hours) is cell site norm - -Generator (not at every sites) - -Fixed Generator at Critical Sites - -not typical at most Cell Sites - -Local Factors determine fuel storage (3 days fuel would be desired – not always doable) Best Practices – Data Centers (IDCs, Multi-tenant/Co-locations) -More typical AC environments with large UPSs -Dual commercial power sources is common - Generators: minimum is n+1, n+2, … Best Practices – Existing (Wireline) - -Battery = 8 hours for OSP (sufficient?) - -Generator - -Fixed Generators (typical 72 hours fuel) - -Portable Generators (DOT limits to ~200 gal transport w/o fuel trailer) Best Practices – Existing Technologies (Wireless) - -Battery = 2-4 hours (up to 8 hours) is cell site norm - -Generator (not at every sites) - -Fixed Generator at Critical Sites - -not typical at most Cell Sites - -Local Factors determine fuel storage (3 days fuel would be desired – not always doable) Best Practices – Data Centers (IDCs, Multi-tenant/Co-locations) -More typical AC environments with large UPSs -Dual commercial power sources is common - Generators: minimum is n+1, n+2, … IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY List of Sources Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration

C Q R Existing Technologies: Wireline/Wireline - Battery backed up by generators IDCs – Dual AC commercial w/UPS & Generator backup B ackup Generators: Natural Gas + Diesel OR Natural Gas + LPG backup (Dual Fuel) Emerging Technologies Lead Acid: Issues: human cost/maintenance, life cycle, environment impact New Battery Types: Higher initial cost – Lower life cycle Human Cost (tech training, …) Fuel Cells: Alternate to either Battery or Generators Issues/Concerns: - Delivery of fuel - Storage of fuel issue (Power requirements >10Kw) Existing Technologies: Wireline/Wireline - Battery backed up by generators IDCs – Dual AC commercial w/UPS & Generator backup B ackup Generators: Natural Gas + Diesel OR Natural Gas + LPG backup (Dual Fuel) Emerging Technologies Lead Acid: Issues: human cost/maintenance, life cycle, environment impact New Battery Types: Higher initial cost – Lower life cycle Human Cost (tech training, …) Fuel Cells: Alternate to either Battery or Generators Issues/Concerns: - Delivery of fuel - Storage of fuel issue (Power requirements >10Kw) IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY List of Sources Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration

C Q R Emerging Technologies Renewable Technologies (Batteries Still Required) Solar Wind Geothermal BioFuel Emerging Technologies Renewable Technologies (Batteries Still Required) Solar Wind Geothermal BioFuel IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY List of Sources Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration

C Q R A. A.Research B. B.Information Exchange C. C.Performance Data – w/New Technologies D. D.Economic Analysis (Existing versus New Technologies) – Lifecycle E. E.Matrix Layers of Redundancy Situational end-user A. A.Research B. B.Information Exchange C. C.Performance Data – w/New Technologies D. D.Economic Analysis (Existing versus New Technologies) – Lifecycle E. E.Matrix Layers of Redundancy Situational end-user IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY Next Steps – What Needs to Be Done Going Forward & How Can it Be Accomplished? Session 3: Best Practice Combinations of Alternate Power Sources to Provide Optimum Duration