Important issues and themes at national and international level INDIA AND WORLD 2013-14 Important issues and themes at national and international level DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Post cold war changes in Indian foreign policy: From Idealism to Realism Professional Interest oriented Focus shifted from regional to global Emphasis on strategic partnership Foreign policy become institutionalized Engaging FP to protect India's economic and trade interests abroad The role of business community in designing FP Objectives Proposal to merge with commerce ministry DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Core Indian foreign policy objectives in 2012-13 Managing Afgn problem after 2014 Peaceful resolution of disputes Protection of vital sea-lanes Freedom of navigation Managing china To develop india’s economic power To acquire defence capabilities to protect india To forge partnership with other powers DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

NEW DEBATE IN INDIAN ECONOMY GROWTH Vs Social Justice Amarty Sen Vs Bhagawati Kings College London Vs Columbia University Bhagawati- Double digit growth rate target important to sustain welfare programmes Sen:- Need to concentrate on redistribution of benefits of economic liberalization Govt need to emphasis on rural infrastructure development, health and primary education DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Corruption in India Indicating negative side of growth story Corruption emanates from government control on land, natural resources, airways Some sectors in economy is growing by 15-20 percent. government manipulates licensing rule in these sectors and benefit from it. Collusion of business class, politician and bureaucrats. The billionaires of India have hugely benefitted from this collusion Corruption is not uncommon in societies rapidly moving from rural to urban and from agrarian to industrial Gilded Age- a stage in economic development where the growth of rate is high in an underdeveloped economy Many countries have witnessed this stage- the US in 19 century, Japan in 1950s,South Korea and Taiwan in 1960,china in 1990s. DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Corruption in India Corruption due to transition Indian economy is being transformed from agriculture based economy to industry based economy There is always a transition phase popularly known as Guild Phase where corruption becomes indispensible Stringent laws require to control corruption DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

New triad of India's political economy Fifth largest concentration of dollar billionaires(Forbes listed-49)after US,Russia,China and Germany. The third largest middle class after China and US The single largest concentration of poor DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Maharashtra: Imp Committees Chitale Committee- Alleged Irregularities in irrigation projects Kelkar Committee- Regional Imbalance DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Police and human rights Political interference Ignorant and suspicious police Conviction rate 5% Multiple responsibilities Act of 1861-police force accountable to executive and not law-allows political interference Criminal law does not trust police force. Criminal procedure code section 25 confession to police office not valid. Confession to non police officer is valid Supreme court-2006-prakash singh case-enact new law DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Indian as Swing State India is a global swing state along with Brazil,Indonesia and Turkey Mixed orientation with two options- maintain strategic autonomy and limiting global engagements or to alter international order in cooperation with US,Europe and Japan Four characteristics- growing economies,strategic location,democratic governance,neither embraced new world order nor rejected it DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Suggestions COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL SECURITY POLICY ASSERTIVE AND BOLD FOREIGN POLICY LOOK BEYOND PAKISTAN STAND ON GLOBAL ISSUES OMNI-ALIGNMENT POLICY BASED ON CORE-PERIPHERY,CONCENTRIC CIRCLES DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

India- Myanmar Myanmanr has embarked on diversifying its FP and searching for strategic autonomy Attempts to reduce its dependence on china Indian maintained distance and isolated from Myanmar on ideological ground for a long time Recognized importance began engagement to reduce Chinese influence Able to deal with insurgency problem in north-east India effectively Engagement is also beneficial for the economic development of north east India Myanmar is gateway for India's economic engagement with ASEAN countries DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

INDO-US India is not ready to act as a junior partner and wants partnership of equals Core issue- how to convert India from a friend to ally The US wants to develop India’s capabilities and to make India a comprehensive national power India wants to maintain its strategic autonomy Obama tried to reduce US’s dependence on Pak.Pak has lost primacy as geographical and strategic blackmailer The US is encouraging India’s security role in Afgn. DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Indo-US Four issues- nuclear, retail marketing, insurance reform, defense sale Partnership with US will help India to several security and economic issues America is huge market on Indian investment Source of capital, technology and expertise America is looking for India's sophisticated and cost effective service industries Indian interests can not be achieved unless regional balance of power in Asia is maintained and US can help in this area DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Obama II Term priorities Shifting focus from West to East Asia. In the first term US intervened in Libya,Syria.Now North and South East Asia priority To bring costly war in Iraq and Afgn to close Pushing alliance partner to do more Strategy to deploy small number of special forces and selective Drone attacks Constructive Engagement Diplomacy towards Iran, China and North Korea DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Issues in India-china relations China’s claim on Arunachal Pradesh and Kashmir China’s tilt towards Pak in dispute with India India’s continued policy to provide safe heaven to Dalai Lama Competition in space,missile,nuclar,energy sectors DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

India-china: War is not possible India of 1962 is different than India of 2013 Both the countries are now nuclear powers Both the countries are in process of economic development Trade between two is close to $100 billions Both are sharing several international platforms on trade,environment, finance and security Realization- more gain from cooperation than confrontation Constructive economic development will benefit both DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Managing Pakistan Managing Pakistan through engagement Peace talks need to be continued as a confidence building measure Peace talks benefitted a lot in last one decade The liberalised visa and trade agreement are outcome of this talk process Trade has increased up to $15 billion There elements in both the sides who wants to derail the peace talks Track II Diplomacy Building international pressure on Pakistan on the issue of cross border terrorism DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

India-Pak Building confidence and trust is must Economic development is strategic priority for Pak Liberalized trade and Visa agreement with India People-to-People contact between Punjabis,Sindhis,Kashmiries from across the border to be encouraged DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Siachin issue between India and Pakistan Glacier, north west India, adjacent to Karakorum mountain line,74 km long and 8 broad, world’s second largest glacier, 1947-48 war,1/3 part of Kashmir occupied by Pak, karachi agreement, line of control was not stretched up to Karakorum Strategic importance increased after 1962’s India- china war Connecting point between- POK-Aksai china. Pak claiming demilitarization whereas India to draw border DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

India-Bangladesh Extradition and liberalized Visa agreement Facilitates Exchange of dreaded criminals-ULFA GS- Anup Chetia, Assassinators of Mujbir Raheman Will help India to control the secessionist activities in the north east visa agreement will facilitate trade and investment, strengthen track II diplomacy Both the agreements are beneficial for the economic development of North East India Benefit india’s look east policy Minimize Chinese influence DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

India Nuclear Nuclear weapons are integral part of India’s national security strategy Serve India's national security and protect it from nuclear threats India will retain nuclear weapons unless the goal of universal disarmament is not realized India’s nuclear weapons are not meant for tactical or operational military need India’s nuclear weapons programmes is not meant to disturb the regional balance of power in India India is committed to unilateral moratorium on nuclear tests India is actively participating in the negotiations of Fissile Material Cut Off Treaty DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

RELEVANCE OF NAM DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14 NAM AS POLICY ATONOMY IN FOREIGH POLICY DECISION MAKING MAINTINING COOPERATIVE RELATIONS WITH ALL NAM AS MOVEMENT POLITICAL MOVEMENT- COLONALISM,RACIALISM,COLD WAR,ARMS RACE ECONOMIC MOVEMENT-NIEO,SOUTH-SOUTH DIALOGUE,NORTH-SOUTH DIALOGUE DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

NAM 2.0 Foreign and strategic policy for India The report has been prepared by a group of experts-Shyam Saran,Nandan Nilekani,sunil khalnani,pratap bhanu Mehta Three parts- opportunities, challenges and strategy How to preserve India's strategic autonomy Identified china as a prominent threat DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Arms Trade Treaty The treaty does not have any provision to prevent non-state actors No mechanism to stop illicit transfer of weapons from the state actors to non-state actors It does not Military unmanned aerial vehicles It also does not cover anti-personnel landmines Omitted improvised Explosive Devices DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Afghanistan The US troops will be withdrawn by 2014 The presidential election is due in 2014 Karzai not eligible to contest Afgn might descend into chaos and civil war Domino Effect on South Asia Afgn should sign Status of Forces Agreement with US India is developmental role. Security role is essential Suggestion: constituting South Asian Keeping Force DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

New Politics in India: Emerging Trends in Politics The protest on both against corruption and violence against women heralded the new kind of politics Articulated pent up grievances Seek alternative and radical amendment Playing the role of much needed corrective in the system The anti corruption movement seek an transferency and accountability The anti gender violence movement made police and their political masters accountable Media is playing prominent role Public opinion has emerged as a fifth pillar of Indian democracy after legislature, executive, judiciary and media The role of middle class is imp The politics arise out of empowerment process DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Changing Concept of security From external to internal security Non-security threats from non-state actors Bleak enemy No casualties of soldiers; civilian are dying Role of army reduced; role of police force enhanced Human security Human rights DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Internal security Strengthening India's intelligence system with creation of NATGRID To amend unlawful activities prevention act Establishing and empowering NIA Modernization of police force DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

NCTC: National Counter Terrorism Centre Need to be created Terrorism is all India problem and there are cross border elements involved Core issue is whether to treat terrorism as a low and order problem or national crime In most countries it is national crime and they have devised national policies to deal with it In India it is a law and order problem and hence the entry of central govt and military is restricted The debate on NCTC revolves around the accountability factor In US,UK,FRANCE the NCTC is accountable to parliament. The states are demanding the accountability and involvement of state agencies DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Crime against women suggestions Recruitment of women in police and judicial system To establish fast track courts Special courts to deal with crime against women Proceedings must be speed up Zero-tolerance policy towards criminals Let the accused prove that he is not guilty Police to collaborate with academic and social institutions DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Naxalism Lack of effective and inclusive development Alienation Adivasis don’t have political voice,political party or national level leadership Violence is the only way of redressal Soldiers died-J&k-64,NE-42,Naxal attack-319 It is not a secessionist problem-Army can not be used Security and development approach Comprehensive security Strong political willpower Effective governance DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Naxalism The movement started for an honest cause, now mutated No uniformity- different layers-several ethnicities and causes. Naxals of Andhra are different from Chhattisgarh Some committed to ideology, some taking revenge against local chieftains or upper castes leaders, some are depressed and oppressed youths they follow guerilla or mobile warfare tactics DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Naxalism Soft stand policy and absence of No negotiation policy. No pre-emptive attack, tit for tat policy Three objectives: to stop combat operations temporarily, get publicity, to release prisoners Demoralizing effects on security forces Development linked plan to tackle naxalism-2013- 14 Backward rural grants fund-incorporated Panchyat Raj system in distribution of funds DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Hostage Crisis India ha not enunciated a uniform counter hostage policy which enables security forces to immediately and effectively respond to the cases of abductions at anywhere in India This approach is in sharp contrast with that of many Western nations, which maintain a policy of non-negotiation with terrorists 1989 rubina saeed case-freed after govt. released five JKLF members. The kandahar hijacking of 1999-crisis ended with release of three militants including Maulana Massod Azhar the media does not give kidnappers much publicity, but in India the reverse is happening. Moreover, unless the government adopts a 'no compromise' attitude, akin to countries like Israel and Russia, There is enormous pressure on the government from all quarters for safe release of hostages. Unless the society at large is prepared to accept the consequences of a 'no compromise' policy, how can you blame the government of being weak-kneed?" . DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Hostage Crisis The hostage crisis should be treated as national crime and should be dealt under the national level security strategy The Parliament of India must enact an umbrella legislation to deal with all variations of hostage crisis and situation. The proposed national counter terrorism centre would help to deal hostage crisis. The centre will facilitate streamlining of different policies and methods adopted naxal affected states to deal with hostage situation. A hostage crisis management group under the purview of NCTC can be created which will execute a hostage rescue operation effectively DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Capital Punishment India is one of the 39 countries who have voted against the resolution banning capital punishment at UN It is question of perspective how you look at the concept of justice. In India we look at justice from the perspective of punishment. In the West they look at justice from the perspective of fairness Capital punishment does not deter crime Judicial system is human system and is amenable to commit mistake Capital punishment is a manifestation of state totalitarianism DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Police, law and order There are two core issues - how to insulate police from political pressure and Training.90% police force constitutes constables and they are undertrained. Every state should have State Security Commission which will lay out policies for police and evaluate their performances To create independent police complaint Authority at the state and district level DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Army and Naxalism Greater army presence in the Naxalite area as deterrent mechanism Establish army training camps in Naxalite areas Army to involve in the development work at the naxalite areas- can help people in providing educational, health and drinking water facilities Army to involve in retaliatory attacks Army to train the para-military forces-especially in Guerrilla, Jungle warfare tactics DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Problems of Intelligence Services No separate law to govern conduct the CBI,IB and RAW No central law to govern these institutions CBI created by an executive order in 1963 No independent standing. It is still govern by the Delhi Special Police Establishment Act of 1946 Article 246 Centre can enact law on the issues mentioned in the Union list In US,UK Separate law to govern these instituions DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Nuclear Terrorism Nuclear terrorism has emerged as a gravest threat for the international peace and security. The world is under the threat of nuclear terrorism and there is a definite risk of nuclear attack by the technically sophisticated terrorists’ organizations This issue acquired global attention in the aftermath of 9/11 terrorist attack on US The problem recently bubbled to surface after Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. With this accident possibility of theft of fissile material from such crippled reactors by the bad elements heightened There is a strong evidence to suggest that there are well established connections between military and intelligence personnel of Pakistan and these Jihadist elements(2). Several research studies published from 2000 to 2010 revealed that Pakistan's nuclear weapons faces a greater threat from Islamic extremists. As of now Pakistan is believed to have around 200 nuclear weapons and in the midst of qualitative and quantitative expansion of its nukes DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14

Nuclear Terrorism the A.Q. khan episode which confirmed Pakistan’s role in unauthorized nuclear deals with rogue states and secondly the multiple terrorist attacks on Pakistan’s defense establishments which exposed inadequate security arrangements in Pakistan. It is widely suspected that the terrorists must have got access to nuclear weapons or technology through the Khan network Pakistan are not adequately protected due to financial constrains. Hence there is greater chance of falling either nuclear weapons or fissile material in the wrong hands any theft of a nuclear weapon could lead to a nuclear 9/11 type attack on Mumbai or New York. Since 2001 the US has provided hundred million aids to Pakistan to safeguard its nuclear weapons. There were also reports in media that the US is planning to deploy special security force in Pakistan to safeguard its nuclear weapons. DR.SHAILENDRA DEOLANKAR:IMP ISSUES2013-14