French and Indian War Causes PROBLEMS! England wanted the colonies to pay for the French and Indian WarEngland wanted the colonies to pay for the French and Indian WarHOW?TAXES! Americans love being British, they just don’t want to pay taxes directly to PARLIAMENT

ENGLAND DECIDES TO PUT A DIRECT TAX ON THE COLONISTS: THE STAMP ACT All paper products would be taxed and receive a “stamp” Colonists fight the STAMP ACT:

VIOLENCE AND INTIMIDATIONVIOLENCE AND INTIMIDATION THE STAMP ACT IS REPEALED!!! What lesson did the colonists learn about violence and protests??? ENGLAND PASSES THE DECLARATORY ACT Declaring they can tax the colonies

BOYCOTTS 13 COLONIES are England’s13 COLONIES are England’s BIGGEST MARKET for finished goods They refuse to buy British goods and put ECONOMIC PRESSURE ON ENGLAND

BOSTON MASSACRE? DRUNKEN mob throws snowballs and garbage at British soldiers in BostonDRUNKEN mob throws snowballs and garbage at British soldiers in Boston Mob gets very rowdy and moves toward soldiersMob gets very rowdy and moves toward soldiers Soldiers fire their weapons killing several peopleSoldiers fire their weapons killing several people –Crispus Attucks: Free Black man killed WAS IT A MASSACRE????????????

PROPAGANDA

PROPAGANDA The “Boston Massacre” is an example of PROPAGANDA: Messages intended to persuadeThe “Boston Massacre” is an example of PROPAGANDA: Messages intended to persuade Colonists call it a Massacre to get support. The mob did threaten the soldiersColonists call it a Massacre to get support. The mob did threaten the soldiers ALL OF THE SOLDIERS FOUND NOT GUILTYALL OF THE SOLDIERS FOUND NOT GUILTY One was defended by John Adams!One was defended by John Adams!

BOSTON TEA PARTY England sends CHEAP TEA to the colonies……….England sends CHEAP TEA to the colonies………. But it still has a small TAX SONS OF LIBERTY = Colonial radicalsSONS OF LIBERTY = Colonial radicals Dress like Indians and dump the tea into the harbor!

ENGLAND OUTRAGED AT “TEA PARTY” England passes INTOLERABLE ACTS:England passes INTOLERABLE ACTS: 1. SHUTS DOWN BOSTON HARBOR 2. TEA MUST BE PAID FOR MORE “REDCOATS” BRITISH SOLDIERS SENT TO THE COLONIES

1 st Continental Congress COLONISTS meet in PHILADELPHIA and promise to support BOSTON –NO REBELLION –SWEAR LOYALTY TO THE KING!

THE SHOT HEARD AROUND THE WORLD LEXINGTON and CONCORD The Brits send soldiers to the countryside around Boston to round up the weapons of MINUTEMEN MILITIA (Citizen soldiers) Paul Revere rides to the countryside to warn everyone, “The Redcoats are coming!”

The Redcoats get to Lexington Someone fires and a battle begins! Rebels run British march to Concord and then head back to Boston On the road back to Boston the colonist use GUERRILLA TACTICS (HIT AND RUN) and smash the British

NO TURNING BACK! The shots fired at Lexington and Concord and the slaughter of British troops on the march back to Boston are the breaking point. WORDS WILL NOT SETTLE THESE DIFFERENCES NOW IT IS WAR

British advantage American advantage 1.British DisadvantageAmerican Disadvantage

1. World’s Best NAVY 2. Professional ARMY 3. Rich! 4. Hired soldiers from Germany HESSIANS 1. 3,000 miles away from America 2. Fighting a GUERRILLA WAR 3. War not popular in England 1. Fighting for a cause they believe in 2. Possible help from France 3. Didn’t have to beat the Brits; just not lose to them 1. No Navy 2. No professional army 3. POOR 4. Mixed support for the war (1/3 LOYALISTS) BRITISH ADVANTAGE BRITISH DISADVANTAGES AMERICAN ADVANTAGES AMERICAN DISADVANTAGES

LoyalistStrongholds

2 nd Continental Congress 2CC meets (all 13 colonies attend) Meet to deal with the results of LEXINGTON AND CONCORD GEORGE WASHINGTON chosen commander of Colonial forces

Bunker Hill (June, 1775) The British suffered over 40% casualties.

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION BOSTON 1775BOSTON 1775 Battle of Bunker Hill: British charge up a heavily defended hillBattle of Bunker Hill: British charge up a heavily defended hill –Get crushed by COLONISTS! LESSONS FROM BUNKER HILL 1.British learn that the war will NOT BE EASY 2.British learn that old style tactics will not work against in a guerrilla war

The Declaration of Independence Colonies officially declare their INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLANDColonies officially declare their INDEPENDENCE FROM ENGLAND JULY 4, 1776

Phase I: The Northern Campaign [ ]

Phase II: NY & PA [ ]

New York City in Flames (1776)

Washington Crossing the Delaware Painted by Emanuel Leutze, 1851

Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? Saratoga: “Turning Point” of the War? A modern-day re-enactment

Phase III: The Southern Strategy [ ]

Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!] Good US General: Nathanial Greene

The Battle of Yorktown (1781) Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

Cornwallis’ Surrender at Yorktown: Painted by John Trumbull, 1797 “The World Turned Upside Down!”

North America After the Treaty of Paris, 1783

Wholesale Price Index:

Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist Strongholds at the End of the War

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation A unicameral Congress [9 of 13 votes to pass a law]. 13 out of 13 to amend. Representatives were frequently absent. Could not tax or raise armies. No executive or judicial branches.

State Constitutions Republicanism. Most had strong governors with veto power. Most had bicameral legislatures. Property required for voting. Some had universal white male suffrage. Most had bills of rights. Many had a continuation of state- established religions while others disestablished religion.

Occupational Composition of Several State Assemblies in the 1780s

Indian Land Cessions:

Disputed Territorial Claims Between Spain & the U. S.:

State Claims to Western Lands

Land Ordinance of 1785

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 One of the major accomplishments of the Confederation Congress! Statehood achieved in three stages: 1.Congress appointed 3 judges & a governor to govern the territory. 2.When population reached 5,000 adult male landowners  elect territorial legislature. 3.When population reached 60,000  elect delegates to a state constitutional convention.

The United States in 1787

American Exports, To & From Britain:

Annapolis Convention (1786) 12 representatives from 5 states [NY, NJ, PA, DE, VA] GOAL  address barriers that limited trade and commerce between the states. Not enough states were represented to make any real progress. Sent a report to the Congress to call a meeting of all the states to meet in Philadelphia to examine areas broader than just trade and commerce.

Shays’ Rebellion: Daniel Shays Western MA Small farmers angered by crushing debts and taxes.

Shays’ Rebellion:

There could be no stronger evidence of the want of energy in our governments than these disorders. -- George Washington