English 306A; Harris 1 Syntax Word patterns

English 306A; Harris 2 Syntactic arguments Syntactic form Linear Sentence patterns Grammatical roles Phrase structure rules Hierarchical structure Syntactic functions Event schemata Semantic roles “Energy” flow NV NP VPVP S Homer preens DOING Agent: Homer

English 306A; Harris 3 Linear Sequence English basic sentence patterns (p.89) V 1 V 2 V 3 V COP V COMP V T-COMP Intransitive Transitive Ditransitive Copulative Complement Transitive-complement 1 argument (Subj) 2 arguments (Subj, DObj) 3 arguments (Subj, DObj, IObj) 2 arguments (Subj, Comp) 2 argument (Subj, Comp) 3 arguments (Subj, DObj, Comp)

English 306A; Harris 4 S  NP VP Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is incredibly sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. V 1 V 2 V 3 V COP V COMP V T-COMP NPsVPs

English 306A; Harris 5 S  NP VP Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer throws the dog a bone. Homer is incredibly sexy. Homer goes to the bar. Homer throws a bone to the dog. V 1 V 2 V 3 V COP V COMP V T-COMP NPsVPs NPs AP PPs

English 306A; Harris 6 Basic English phrase structure S  NP  AP  PP  VP  NP VP (Det) (AP)* N (PP) (Deg) A P NP (Aux) V (NP) (NP) (PP)* VP COP  (Aux) V COP AP NP PP

English 306A; Harris 7 Phrase Structure Rules X  YX “is a” Y X YX precedes Y (X)X is optional X*X iterates: 1 - ∞ Xs X X or Y Y

English 306A; Harris 8 S  NP VP Phrase Structure Rules Hierarchy Linear Sequence

English 306A; Harris 9 Structural analysis Adjective blackboard Noun black board N NP A LexicalSyntactic AP

English 306A; Harris 10 Phrase structure Syntactic analysis N NP DetA theblack board AP

English 306A; Harris 11 Phrase structure Syntactic analysis N NP DegA theblack boardvery Det AP

English 306A; Harris 12 Homer is sexy Sexy Homer

English 306A; Harris 13 Linear Sequence Sexy Homer N V COP Adj Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 14 Hierarchy Sexy Homer N V COP Adj NP AP VP COP Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 15 Hierarchy Sexy Homer N V COP Adj NP AP VP COP S Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 16 Hierarchy Sexy Homer N V COP Adj NP AP VP COP S Copular verb phrase Homer is sexy

English 306A; Harris 17 Hierarchy Sexy Homer NV COP N NP VP COP S Copular verb phrase Homer is a sexpot Det

English 306A; Harris 18 Hierarchy Sexy Homer NV COP N NP PP VP COP S Homer is in trouble P NP Copular verb phrase

English 306A; Harris 19 Linear Sequence The preening Homer Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 20 Linear Sequence The preening Homer NV Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 21 Hierarchy The preening Homer NV NPVP Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 22 Hierarchy The preening Homer NV NPVP S Homer preens

English 306A; Harris 23 Hierarchy The preening Homer NV NPVP S Homer preens Intransitive verb phrase

English 306A; Harris 24 Linear Sequence The loving Homer Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 25 Linear Sequence The loving Homer NVDetN Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 26 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 27 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP VP NP Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 28 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP VP S NP Homer loves his blanket

English 306A; Harris 29 Hierarchy The loving Homer NVDetN NP VP S NP Homer loves his blanket Transitive verb phrase

English 306A; Harris 30 Linear Sequence Homer’s eating habits The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 31 Linear Sequence Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 32 Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj NPAP NP The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 33 Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj VP NPAP NP The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 34 Hierarchy Homer’s eating habits NVDetNAdj NPAP NPVP S The big bald guy eats crap

English 306A; Harris 35 Structural ambiguity I saw the man from the store. 1. I was in the store, I looked out the window, and I saw the man: “from the store” modifies ‘saw’. 2.The man is associated with the store, and I saw him: “from the store” modifies ‘the man’.

English 306A; Harris 36 Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence, different hierarchy I saw the man from the store. Pro NPNP V VP N P S PDetN I saw the man from the store. Pro VNPDetN NP NPNP VP P S

English 306A; Harris 37 Pro NPNP V VP S Pro V NP NPNP VP P S I saw the man from the store. Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence, different hierarchy

English 306A; Harris 38 I saw the man from the store. Subject Object Comp.Subject Object Structural ambiguity Same linear sequence, different hierarchy Patient Location

English 306A; Harris 39 Sentences Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer eats. Homer eats crap. The fat bald guy eats crap. The fat bald guy eats vast quantities of artery- hardening crap. The fat bald guy throws the dog a bone.

English 306A; Harris 40 Verbs Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer eats. Homer eats crap. The fat bald guy eats crap. The fat bald guy eats vast quantities of artery- hardening crap. The fat bald guy throws the dog a bone.

English 306A; Harris 41 Arguments Homer preens. Homer loves his blanket. Homer eats. Homer eats crap. The fat bald guy eats crap. The fat bald guy eats vast quantities of artery- hardening crap. The fat bald guy throws the dog a bone. V1V1 V2V2 V1V1 V2V2 V2V2 V2V2 V3V3

English 306A; Harris 42 Sentences Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone to the dog

English 306A; Harris 43 Verbs Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone to the dog.

English 306A; Harris 44 Arguments Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. V COP V COMP V2V2 V T-COMP V T-C0MP

English 306A; Harris 45 Semantic roles Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. PatientEssive

English 306A; Harris 46 Semantic roles Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. PatientEssive

English 306A; Harris 47 Semantic roles Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. PatientEssive

English 306A; Harris 48 Semantic roles Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. AgentGoal

English 306A; Harris 49 Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. Semantic roles PatientPossessor

English 306A; Harris 50 Semantic roles Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. PatientAgentReceiver

English 306A; Harris 51 Semantic roles Homer is sexy. Homer is a nuclear-plant operations guy. Homer is in the kitchen. Homer goes to the bar. The collar belongs to Santa’s Little Helper. Marge bakes a cake for Maggie. Bart throws a bone at the dog. PatientAgentGoal

English 306A; Harris 52 Semantic Roles RoleDefinition Agent The entity that performs the action Patient The entity undergoing the action; the object of the experience Experiencer The entity that experiences the state Receiver The entity that receives something from the action Essive Anything predicated by the (main) verb “to be” Possessor The entity who possesses something. Source The starting point for a movement Goal The end point for a movement Path The route over which movement happens Time The time an event occurs Location The place an event happens

English 306A; Harris 53 Event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Moving Transferring Complex Simplex

English 306A; Harris 54 Semantic Roles RoleEvent Schemata Agent DOING, MOVING, TRANSFERRING Patient BEING, HAPPENING, DOING, EXPERIENCING, HAVING, MOVING, TRANSFERRING Experiencer EXPERIENCING Receiver TRANSFERRING Essive BEING Possessor HAVING, TRANSFERRING Source MOVING, TRANSFERRING Goal Path Time ALL Location

English 306A; Harris 55 Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having E.g.s Homer is large. Homer is a safety inspector. Homer is in the shower. ComplementsSubjects Subject NP ≈ Patient Complement ≈ Essive EssivesPatients V COP

English 306A; Harris 56 Subject NP ≈ Patient E.g.s Homer fell. Homer ages. Homer stumbled. Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Subjects Patients V1V1

English 306A; Harris 57 Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Subject NP ≈ Agent E.g.s Homer eats. Homer yells. Subjects Agents V1V1

English 306A; Harris 58 Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Subject NP ≈ Agent (Object NP ≈ Patient) E.g.s Homer eats. Homer yells. Homer catches Bart. Homer kissed Marge. Subjects Agents Objects Patients V1V1 V2V2 Subjects Agents

English 306A; Harris 59 Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Subject NP ≈ Experiencer (Object NP ≈ Patient) E.g.s Homer laments. Homer loathes Flanders. Homer saw Chief Wiggum. V1V1 V2V2

English 306A; Harris 60 (Contrast: Homer watched Chief Wiggum.) Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Subject NP ≈ Experiencer (Object NP ≈ Patient) E.g.s Homer laments. Homer loathes Flanders. Homer saw Chief Wiggum. Subjects Experiencer Objects Patients V1V1 V2V2

English 306A; Harris 61 Subject NP ≈ Possessor Object NP ≈ Patient E.g.s Homer has three kids. Homer has a keen sense of smell. Homer has chicken pox. Homer owns a dog. Homer possesses a hatbox. Simplex event schemata Being Happening Doing Experiencing Having Subjects Possessors Objects Patients V2V2

English 306A; Harris 62 Complex event schemata Simplex occurrence (Happening or Doing) with explicit reference to motion. Start = Source End = Goal Route = Path Moving Happening/Doing Transferring

English 306A; Harris 63 Complex event schemata Simplex occurrence (Happening or Doing) with explicit reference to motion. Happening + Source/Path/Goal Doing + Source/Path/Goal Moving Happening/Doing Transferring

English 306A; Harris 64 Complex event schemata Happening + Source/Path/Goal Subj NP ≈ Patient Complements ≈ Source, Path, Goal Moving Happening Transferring

English 306A; Harris 65 Complex event schemata Happening + Source/Path/Goal E.g.s Homer staggered home. Homer staggered home from Apu’s. Homer staggered home, down the sidewalk from Apu’s. Moving Happening Transferring

English 306A; Harris 66 Complex event schemata Happening + Source/Path/Goal Moving Happening Transferring Homer staggered home, down the sidewalk from Apu’s. PatientSourcePath Goal

English 306A; Harris 67 Complex event schemata Doing + Source/Path/Goal E.g.s Homer climbed out of the window. Homer climbed up Mount Splashmore from base camp to the summit. Homer ran screaming across the back yard to Flander’s. Moving Doing Transferring

English 306A; Harris 68 Complex event schemata Doing + Source/Path/Goal Moving Doing Transferring Homer ran screaming across the back yard to Flander’s. AgentPath Goal

English 306A; Harris 69 Complex event schemata HavingMoving + Moving Transferring A complex schema already Happening or Doing + Source/Path/Goal Moving Doing Moving Happening

English 306A; Harris 70 Complex event schemata E.g. Bart found a wallet. Homer won $1.76 from the Springfield Lottery Corporation. Having Moving Happening + Moving Transferring V T-COMP V2V2

English 306A; Harris 71 Complex event schemata E.g. Homer won $1.76 from the SLC. Possessor Goal Receiver Having: Moving: Happening: Possessor Source Patient Having Moving Happening + Moving Transferring V T-COMP

English 306A; Harris 72 Complex event schemata E.g. Homer sold the dog. Homer sold the dog to Moe. Having Moving Doing + Moving Transferring V T-COMP V2V2

English 306A; Harris 73 Complex event schemata E.g. Homer sold the dog. Having Moving Doing + Moving Transferring PossessorPatient SourcePatient Having: Moving: AgentPatient Doing:

English 306A; Harris 74 Complex event schemata E.g. Homer sold the dog to Moe. Having Moving Doing + Moving Transferring PossessorPatient SourcePatient Having: Moving: AgentPatient Doing: Possessor Goal Receiver

English 306A; Harris 75 Complex event schemata E.g. Homer sold Moe the dog. Having Moving Doing + Moving Transferring PossessorPatient SourcePatient Having: Moving: AgentPatientDoing: Possessor Goal Receiver

English 306A; Harris 76 Complex event schemata E.g. Homer told his wife a story. Having Moving Doing + Moving Transferring PossessorPatient SourcePatient Having: Moving: AgentPatientDoing: Possessor Goal Receiver

English 306A; Harris 77 Homer sold Moe the dog. Homer sold the dog to Moe. V T-COMP V3V3 NVDetN NP VP S Homer sold Moe the dog Homer sold the dog to Moe N NP NV DetN NP VP S N NP P PP Transferring SubjectD-ObjectI-ObjectSubjectCompD-Object PossessorPatient SourcePatient AgentPatient Possessor Goal Receiver PossessorPatient SourcePatient AgentPatient Possessor Goal Receiver

English 306A; Harris 78 Syntax The sentence the verb and its arguments the subject and the predicate phrase Event schemata simplex complex (simplex + relocation) semantic roles