Bacteria
Eubacterium Structure Section 19-1 Peptidoglycan Cell wall Cell membrane Ribosome Flagellum DNA Pili
Classification DKPCOFGS Domain Bacteria - Kingdom Eubacteria Domain Archae - Kingdom Archaebacteria Domain Eukarya - Kingdom Animal, Plant, Protist, Fungi
Classification What is the name of this animal? Puma Cougar Mountain Lion Panther
Adaptation?
Eubacteria Live everywhere cell walls contain - peptidoglycan Ex. E. coli
Archaebacteria Cell walls lack peptidoglycan genes are similar to eukaryotes harsh environments methanogens - mud, animal digestive tracts halophiles - very salty environments, Great Salt Lake thermophiles - hot springs
Identification Shapes - bacilli, cocci, spirilla Cell Walls - gram positive, negative Movement - flagella glide no movement
Staphylococcus
Spirillum
Bacillus
Obtaining Energy Autotrophs Heterotrophs Photoheterotrophs - photoautotrophs - cyanobacteria (everywhere) chemoautotrophs - hydrothermal vents, energy from chemical reactions Heterotrophs Photoheterotrophs - sun = energy organic compounds = nutrition
Energy Release Obligate Aerobes - require oxygen Obligate Anaerobes - oxygen deadly botulinum - causes botulism in unsterile cans, bulging cans Facultative anaerobes - with or without oxygen switch between respiration and fermentation, abundant
Growth and Reproduction Some can divide every 20 min. Binary fission - asexual reproduction 2X normal size, DNA divides and cell division Conjugation exchange of genes through a hollow bridge increases genetic diversity Endospores - proteins coats form in harsh conditions, up to centuries
BINARY FISSION
CONJUGATION
Bacteria in Nature Producers Decomposers Nitrogen Fixation Rhizobium – symbiosis with soybeans Nitrogen Ammonia
Damage tissue by using it for food Release toxins Antibiotics Bacteria and Disease Damage tissue by using it for food Release toxins Antibiotics Disease Pathogen Prevention Tooth decay Lyme disease Tetanus Tuberculosis Salmonella food poisoning Pneumonia Cholera Streptococcus mutans Borrelia burgdorferi Clostridium tetani Mycobacterium tuberculosis Salmonella enteritidis Streptococcus pneumoniae Vibrio cholerae Regular dental hygiene Protection from tick bites Current tetanus vaccination Vaccination Proper food-handling practices Maintaining good health Clean water supplies
Human Uses of Bacteria
Oil Eaters Sewage Treatment Drug Manufacturers Genetic engineering
Controlling Bacteria Sterilization Heat or chemicals Cooking Refrigeration
Quiz 1 1. Compare AND contrast the Domains Bacteria and Archaea. 2. I.D. the 3 shapes of bacteria and give the names. 3. Explain a min. of 2 types of bacteria movement methods. 4.Explain the 2 types of autotrophs. BONUS: Explain the purpose of Pili