Personality Theories Freud’s Ideas: Psychodynamic Theory – Importance of early childhood – Conscious – – Subconscious –

Psychodynamic Theory (cont’d) Mind Divisions ID - biological drives EGO –(Reality balance btwn ID/Superego SUPEREGO - Strict moral standards

Psychodynamic Theory (cont’d) Defense Mechanisms*** Rationalization – Denial – Repression – Projection – Reaction Formation –

Psychodynamic Theory (cont’d) Defense Mechanisms (cont’d) Displacement – Sublimation –

Assessing personality Unconscious motivation – Free Association – Dream Interpretation – Freudian Slips – Projective Tests – Thematic Apperception Test (TAT), The Roberts, The Rorschach – Pull for emotional information – Questionable reliability and validity

Rorschach example

Thematic Apperception Test

(Here's the reply the teacher received the following day) Dear Mrs. Jones, I wish to clarify that I am not now, nor have I ever been, an exotic dancer. I work at Home Depot and I told my daughter how hectic it was last week before the blizzard hit. I told her we sold out every single shovel we had, and then I found one more in the back room, and that several people were fighting over who would get it. Her picture doesn't show me dancing around a pole. It's supposed to depict me selling the last snow shovel we had at Home Depot. From now on I will remember to check her homework more thoroughly before she turns it in. Sincerely, Mrs. Smith

Humanism Phenomenology – your perception of the world, whether accurate or not, becomes your reality Holistic view – Self-Actualization – (Maslow’s hierarchy)

Humanism Self Theory – tendency towards Self- Actualization : Self-Concept*** Real Self – based on actual experience, Ideal Self – based on hopes, wishes,

Humanism Positive Regard = Conditional – Unconditional – ***Contrast with Conditioning principles???***

Humanism Cross-cultural applications Mentoring programs – Big Brothers/Big Sisters -> Main St. Durango) Remarkable achievements – resiliency from impoverished groups

Personality Theories – Part II Social-Cognitive Theory (Bandura) Reciprocal Determinism B : P : E Cognitive Factors*** Language Ability – Observation – Purposeful Behavior : Self-Analysis :

Personal Factors Locus of Control – Internal – Self controls situations & rewards External: fate/others control situations/rewards

Personal Factors *** Delay of Gratification – Self-efficacy –

Environmental Factors*** Social, political, family, community, & cultural factors which contribute to oppression versus opportunity

Five Factor Model (*OCEAN*) *** O penness – Novelty vs narrow C onscientiousness – responsible vs. impulsive E xtraversion – outgoing vs. withdrawn A greeableness – warm vs. distant, cold N euroticism – stable vs. nervous, unstable

Five Factor Model (*OCEAN*) Person – Situation Interaction: Stability vs. Change – People report more change than really occurs

Quantum Change(research) pg. 470 Sudden, radical shift – Specific date & time – Surprising intense though High emotional Possible negative life experience Positive impact over time

Overview of Personality Theories Psychodynamic Conscious / Unconscious Id, Ego, Superego Defense Mechanisms Free Association / Dream Interpretation Projective Tests

Overview of Personality Theories Humanistic Phenomenology Holistic Self-Actualization (Maslow’s Hierarchy) Self Theory: Real vs. Ideal

Overview of Personality Theories Social- Cognitive Theory Cog: Language, Observation, Purpose, Self-Analysis Personal: Locus of Control, Delay of Gratification, Self-Efficacy Environment (societal influence)

Overview of Personality Theories Trait Theory 5-Factor (OCEAN) Change vs. Stability Person-Situation Interaction Genetic component