Research and Development in the Federal Budget Matt Hourihan May 2, 2013 for the AAAS Science & Technology Policy Forum AAAS R&D Budget and Policy Program

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT

Estimated FY 2013 R&D Funding Agency / Dept Nominal Cut from FY12 Nominal Percentage Cut from FY12 Resulting Budget On Par With… Total R&D$9.3 billion-6.5%2002 Defense S&T$619 million-4.6%2002 NIH$1.6 billion-5.2%2002 Energy*$479 million-4.4%2001 NSF$227 million-4.0%2010 NASA$749 million-6.6%Late 1980s? Agriculture$154 million-6.6%1998 *Includes Office of Science, Energy Programs, and NNSA

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT

Defense: -5.5% Nondefense: +9.2%

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT

Admin R&D Priorities Innovation / Science Clear shifts from D to R (especially use-inspired + applied), and from Defense to Nondefense COMPETES Agencies: $12.6 billion (+18% from 2012) Advanced manufacturing (NIST + elsewhere) Permanent R&D Tax Credit STEM reorganization Clean Energy Homeland Security (Biodefense facility) Basic research budget flat when adjusted for inflation… But major growth when adjusted for sequestration

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT Defense R&D: Recent Decline DOD: $69.5b (real dollars: -11%) Boost for basic, everything else cut DOE Atomic: Continued strong growth Homeland Security: National Bio and Agro- defense Facility gets funded

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT General Science: Growth Area NSF: $6.3B for R&D (real dollars: +5%) 10-year Trend: +21.9% Broad investment, especially Engineering, BIO, SBE Key focus on cross-cutting innovation programs

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT General Science: Growth Area (Cont.) DOE Science: $4.6B for R&D (real dollars: 2.3%) 10-year trend: 18.1% Growth everywhere but High Energy Physics Energy Frontier Research Centers Continued (but capped) investment in ITER Exascale Initiative gets limited support

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT NIH: Continued Stagnation 10-year trend: -10% Only notable boosts: NCATS, National Institute on Aging, NLM BRAIN Initiative ($40 million) and big data ($41 million) Basic v. applied? Outside NIH: DOD Health research cut, again

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT Energy Programs R&D: Major growth DOE Energy Programs: $3.1 billion (real dollars: +45%) Driven by EERE, ARPA-E Advanced Manufacturing Initiative New Innovation Hub: Electricity Systems Proposed: Energy Security Trust Continued subject of Congressional conflict

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT NASA: Mixed signals? Science (esp. Planetary) cut Except Webb Continued growth for Space Tech, Aeronautics flat Asteroid vs. Moon v. Commercial crew increases? What about exploration? Orion, SLS cut

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT Agriculture and Environment R&D: Turnarounds? USDA: $2.5B for R&D (real dollars: +4%) Boosts for intramural and extramural alike Agriculture and Food Research Initiative: $383m EPA cut… …but boosts for NOAA, US Geological Survey, Global Change Research Program

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT What it all adds up to… A shift towards nondefense research Special focus on applied, strategic, use-inspired areas Without abandoning fundamental research Some longer-term trends will continue At the agency level and the general budget mix The BIG questions: How does one fit a $1057 billion budget into a $966 billion hole? Has science hit a speed bump, or crossed over the Fiscal Cliff into Austerity Valley?

U.S. R&D INVESTMENT For more info… *The R&D book is coming, we promise!*