CNS system Forebrain Midbrain Hidbrain Part II Supplemental instruction CNS system Part II Forebrain Midbrain Hidbrain Picture from http://hopes.stanford.edu/basics/braintut/ab3.html Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 webmaster@science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Developmental categorization of CNS system. -Forebrain ~ telencephalon ~ forming hemispheres of cerebrum. diencephalon ~ -Midbrain ~ does not subdivide. -Hindbrain ~ metencephalon ~ pons, cerebellum myelencephalon ~ Medulla oblongata, RAS Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Forebrain comprised of cerebrum and diencephalon -Involved in emotion, learning and memory ____________ -Regulate sensory info and motor response. -Basal nuclei in deep region. Cerebrum Diencephalon ____________ -Thalamus/epithalamus -Hypothalamus -Pituitary gland Picture from http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/sttools/figureid.html Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Diencephalon (in forebrain) -Thalamus/epithalamus(pineal gland) -Hypothalamus -Pituitary gland _________ - relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell __________ - includes pineal gland which secrets melatonin. Thalamus epithalamus Hypothalamus _____________ - integrates nervous and endocrine systems - Regulates anterior and posterior pituitary glands. - Hunger and thirst, body temperature, emotions coordinate autonomic and endocrine responses. Picture from http://www.stanford.edu/group/hopes/sttools/figureid.html Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Pineal gland SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) -regulate ______________(biological clock) Adjusted daily by light from eyes. Controls pineal gland secretion of __________ to regulate circadian rhythms Circadian rhythms melatonin *Melatonin is involved in aligning physiology with sleep/wake cycle and seasons. -Secreted at night -Inhibited by light Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Choose Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus ________ -relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell alertness. -Role in level of arousal. Thalamus ____________ -integrates nervous and endocrine systems(hormone). -contains neural centers for hunger, thirst, body temperature. Hypothalalmus ___________ contains choroid plexus and pineal gland. ____________ secretes CSF. ____________ secretes melatonin *Melatonin: involved in sleep cycle and seasonal reproduction. Epithalamus choroid plexus pineal gland Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Midbrain -visual and auditory reflexes -connects with cerebrum and cerebellum; motor reflexes - Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Red nucleus , substantia nigra ______________ - involved in visual reflexes ______________- relay auditory information _______________________- involved in motor coordination Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi Red nucleus and substantia nigra Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Dopaminergic pathways Neural pathways in the brain which transmit the neurotransmitter __________. Motor coordination dopamine Mesolimbic dopamine pathway - involved in reward and drug addiction. - Abused drugs cause dopamine release from the nucleus accumbens. *heroin and morphine- production cocaine and amphetamines- inhibit reuptake Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Nigrostiatal dopamine pathway - Motor control pathway Dopamine neurons in ______________ degenerate in Parkinson’s disease. Substantia nigra Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Hindbrain A: B: C: pons Medullar oblongata Celebellum Contains______, _________,and _______ pons cerebellum medulla __________ motor coordination; motor learning; trained voluntary activity cerebellum A __________ ataxia caused by damage to this area. cerebellum B C Ataxia: Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement. __________ Includes two important respiratory control centers pons Medullar oblongata ________________ several crucial centers for breathing and cardiovascular systems. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Hindbrain ___________________________ - an ascending arousal system. - composed of several neuronal circuits connecting the brainstem to the cortex. * Textbook says “…originates in groups of neurons in the pons, midbrain reticular formation, hypothalamus and basal forebrain.” - promotes wakefulness, but inhibits sleep. - Regulating Sleep-Wake Transitions Reticular Activating System (RAS) -Stimulation in RAS causes wakefulness. -Damage to RAS causes coma. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com Disorder in RAS Loss of general sense of consciousness or wakefulness. result in alterations of sleep-wake cycles and disturbances in arousal. Narcolepsy:excessive daytime sleepiness Coma * Be careful! RAS ~ Promotes wakefulness and inhibits sleep at the day time! Melatonin in pineal gland ~ Promotes sleep at the night! Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com