1 Changing patterns of drug trafficking: Concerted international countermeasures and regional perspective At the Anti-Drug Liaison Officials’ Meeting for International Cooperation (ADLOMICO) Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, 8-10 June 2005

2 Global Seizures

3 Illicit Opium and Heroin Production

4 The Golden Triangle 1993: 192,840 ha 2004: 50,800 ha 3/4 decline

5 Opium Poppy Cultivation in the Golden Triangle 50, , %

6 Myanmar Poppy Growers are Among the Poorest Opium family 214 US$/year Non-Opium family 276 US$/year Poppy income needed to offset chronic rice deficits Food security Medical care Education

7 Golden Triangle: Alternative Development to Alleviate Poverty CountryFarm-gate income in 2004 (US$ M) No. of households involved in opium Per capita income from opium ($) GDP per capita 2003 ($) Myanmar 87240, Lao PDR 922,

8 Opium Cultivation in Afghanistan in Hectares ( )

9 Alternative Development: Missing in Afghanistan Farm-gate income 2004 (US$ M) No. of households involved in opium Per capita income from opium ($) GDP per capita ($) , No. of families with access to alternative livelihood schemes unknown Alternative Development projects under assessment ?

10 International Operations on Precursor Chemicals OperationOperation Topaz Project Prism Operation Purple

11 Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) Methamphetamine Amphetamine MDMA and its analogues (Ecstasy)

12 Illicit ATS manufacture requires precursors which are diverted from licit international trade or domestic distribution channels

13 What are the ATS precursors used in illicit manufacture? MDMA (Ecstasy) Isosafrole3,4-MDP-2-PPiperonalSafroleAmphetamineAmphetamineP-2-P Phenylacetic acid Norephedrine MethamphetamineMethamphetamine Ephedrine Pseudo ephedrine

14 Routes of diversion/ attempted diversion Guinea Canada China USA Myanmar Panama Preparations containing ephedrine and pseudoephedrine Ephedrine and pseudoephedrine (raw material) Netherlands United Kingdom Mexico Hong Kong SAR of China France Greece Ukraine Russian Federation Pakistan India Australia Philippines China Malaysia 3,4-MD-P-2-P and P-2-P Safrole, including safrole in the form of sassafras oil Netherlands France Jordan Romania Iran South Africa

15 International Operations on Precursor Chemicals Operation Topaz Project Prism Operation Purple

16 Methamphetamine Plant (Aerial View) Illicit Methamphetamine Lab Recent Case (1) – Malaysia

17 Illicit Methamphetamine Lab Recent Case (2) - Fiji

18 Illicit MDMA Lab Recent case - Indonesia

19 What? How much? … provides information on the nature, quality and purity of a suspected material … provides information on how drugs are made, including the precursors used, and where they come from … links samples DRUG TESTING IMPURITY PROFILING

20 + “Powder” laboratory “Tableting” laboratory

21 Diversion from Illicit Channels into Illicit Trafficking Increasingly important source of illicit supply  Stimulants:- amfepramone (1971 Convention) - methylphenidate - phentermine - pemoline  Sedatives:- chlordiazepoxide (1971 Convention) - diazepam - flunitrazepam - nitrazepam - temazepam - other benzodiazepines  Analgesics:- buprenorphine (1971 Convention) - codeine (1961 Convention) - hydrocodone (1961 Convention) - oxycodone (1961 Convention)

22 Cyber Trafficking Increasing supply of internationally controlled drugs through illegal supply via Internet pharmacies: –Mostly psychotropic substances –Significant quantities of internationally controlled drugs seized in USA, India and Thailand

23 New Developments: Drug Trafficking by Sea

24 Concerted Action and Joint Operations

25 Concerted Action and Joint Operations

26 Rendezvous Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Latitude Longitude Trafficking Route

27 ANDAMAN SEA DRUG CASE - 7 January 01 -Thai drug traffickers were arrested by Thai authorities Heroin 116 kilos ATS 7.6 million tab. 7 Jan 01 Traffickers arrested by Myanmar authorities 8 Oct-2001

28 Cross Border Cooperation: Border Liaison Offices (BLO’s )

29 AD/RAS/99/D91 Jinghong Guan Lei 81 kms. Lincang River (Mekong) Mekong River Wan Keng Xiang Kok Wan Pong Ban Mom Chieng Saen Chieng Khong Ton Phueng Bokeo Chreng Thom Kaam Samnor Song Tien Long Binh Pone Thong Chong Mek Kaw Tawng Ranong

30 Key: Information sharing  Inquiries  Alerts Networks  Working mechanisms  Standard operating procedures

31 Presentation by Mr. Akira Fujino Representative UNODC Regional Centre for East Asia and the Pacific