Commodore Carlos L Agustin AFP (Ret) President, National Defense College of the Philippines 11 th ASEAN Regional Forum Heads of Defense Universities/Colleges/Institutions Meeting 9-11 October 2007 Canberra, Australia TRANSFORMING PHILIPPINE DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION TO COPE WITH FUTURE CHALLENGES

Brief Historical Background 1957: SEATO War College in Philippines during SEATO Military Advisors’ Meeting in Canberra, Australia 1963: EO44 created the National Defense College of the AFP under CSAFP 1973: PD 190: NDCP authorized to confer MNSA and transferred from the AFP to the DND 1987: New Constitution affected leadership position 1999: Executive Order 85 created Institutes other than the Institute of Academics 2006: Philippine Defense Reform initiated 2007: New regulations issued; PDR Program started

Office of the President President Board of Admission Academic Board Office of the Executive Vice President Office of the Executive Vice President Financial & Mgmt Division Financial & Mgmt Division PIOPIO Military Affairs Office OfficeICTOICTOPlanningOfficePlanningOffice Department of Administrative Affairs Department of Administrative Affairs Department of Academic Affairs Dept of Research & Special Studies Dept of Research & Special Studies NationalSecurityInstituteNationalSecurityInstitute Institute for ForeignLanguages ForeignLanguages Registrar and Alumni Affairs Office Registrar and Alumni Affairs Office AdminDivisionAdminDivisionGeneralServicesDivisionGeneralServicesDivision Library/DatabankLibrary/Databank Strategic Studies Group Group CrisisMgmtInstituteCrisisMgmtInstitute Institute for NationalSecurityStudies NationalSecurityStudiesDefenseMgmtInstituteDefenseMgmtInstitute Organizational Structure

I.Introduction: The Strategic Environment and the Role of the Armed Forces II.Responding to Challenges Through Professional Defense and Military Education III.Conclusion: The Way Forward in Defense Education

I. INTRODUCTION: THE STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE ROLE OF THE ARMED FORCES  Additional roles apart from territorial defense  The 21 st Century ushered in a more complex and uncertain strategic environment  Threats involve challenges from internal and external sources of instability

Internal security operations Counter-terrorism Disaster response Support to national development International humanitarian assistance and peacekeeping operations Others

Communist Party of the Philippines-New People’s Army (CPP-NPA) Southern Philippines: Moro Islamic Liberation Front and the Bangsamoro Islamic Armed Forces (MILF-BIAF), MNLF splinter groups Terrorism: Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG), Rajah Sulayman Movement (RSM) and Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)

CPP/NPA Personnel Strength, Firearms, Affected Barangays, and Guerilla Fronts ( st Sem of 2006) StrengthFirearmsAffected Brgys Guerilla Fronts Source: J2

 Delivery of basic services in rebel- infested areas Kalayaang Barangay (Freedom Villages) Program  Performance of certain critical government functions Army Literacy Patrol System (ALPS) Military assistance for transport and security in certain areas  Support to national infrastructure development Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Transformation of conflict-affected areas to peace and development zones  Other services Conflict Resolution and Peace Building

Disaster Emergency Assistance Rescue and Relief Training (DEART) Assistance to disaster affected areas Search and rescue operations Transport of relief supplies Provide personnel and logistics to secure or evacuate an area

Poverty Underdevelopment Lack of Education Lack of Basic Services LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND LEFT HAND RIGHT HAND

MINUSTAH Haiti Troops: 157 UNMIL Liberia Troops: 170 Military Observers: 3 UNMIS Sudan Military Observers 13 UNOCI Cote d’Ivoire Troops: 3 Military Observers: 2 UNMIT Timor-Leste Military Observers: 3 TOTAL AFP PERSONNEL DEPLOYED: 351

II. RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES THROUGH PROFESSIONAL DEFENSE AND MILITARY EDUCATION “The possession of an extensive body of knowledge is central to the professionalization of a military corps.” – Samuel Huntington

Philippine Military Academy (PMA) and other Pre-Commission Training Institutions National Defense College of the Philippines (NDCP) Air Education and Training Command (AETC) Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) Naval Education and Training Command (NETC) Command and General Staff College (CGSC)

Policy and curriculum review:  AFP Education and Training Board  Review various education and training programs of the AFP (CGSC and other AFP and services’ schools)  Identify courses and programs to address military needs and requirements  Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews  DND Special Committee on Education and Training  Review various education and training programs of the DND- AFP  Identify courses and programs to address defense needs and requirements  Conduct of regular program and curriculum reviews  Ongoing Philippine Defense review (PDR)

“National Security is the concern of all sectors of society, not just the military” Whole-of-government approach Master in National Security Administration (MNSA) subjects:  National Security  Policy Studies  Human Rights  Development and Economics

 First conducted in 2003: Four-week finishing course for generals and flag officers  Objectives:  Expose course participants to dynamics of national security and develop strategy formulation  Enhance and develop power factors and dimensions in pursuit of national development  Next CAPSTONE Course in November 2007

Other Approaches to Professional Education and Training  AFP Education and Benefits Systems Office which provides scholarships for AFP personnel to pursue higher education  Currently considering better integration of civilian professional education in planning, support and implementation of military operations and strategy  Promotion of greater understanding of the government’s holistic approach  Consideration of human rights and CMO education as priorities

To address the need for greater human rights awareness within the AFP To integrate human rights education and training in all career and specialized courses for military personnel As a requirement for promotion within the AFP

Ensure uniform training for Filipino peacekeepers and military observers Instruct personnel on roles, duties and responsibilities of UN peacekeepers Provide briefing on local culture and geo-politics in areas of deployment Functions: (Established 2002)

 United States  IMET  Joint Exercises: Balikatan, Piston Exercises, CARAT  Joint Training: Light Reaction Battalion (LRB)  Australia  Educational exchanges and scholarships  Joint Exercises: CARACHA, LUMBAS  Other scholarships, training programs and military exercises with allied countries (UK, China, India, Japan, ROK, EU and ASEAN)

Strengthen linkage of education and training to the defense mission Institute comprehensive and system-wide reforms Create “a strong, capable and responsive” Philippine defense establishment based on the findings of the Joint Defense Assessment (JDA) Address current and future threats Foster a secure environment conducive to national development

1.Multi-year Defense Planning System 2.Improvement of Intelligence, Operations and Training Capacity 3.Improved Logistics Capacity 4.PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM 5.Improvement of Personnel Management Systems 6.Multi-year Capability Upgrade 7.Optimized Defense Budget and Improved Management Controls 8.Centrally Managed Defense Acquisition 9.Development of Strategic Communication 10.Information Management Development

“Develop, integrate and institutionalize a comprehensive Professional Development System capable of sustaining organizational excellence and mission performance through significant improvements of essential education and training capabilities and character building mechanisms required for a professional defense force”

Standardization of training, education and leadership courses Review and improvement of existing career systems Development of training cycles relative to career fields from recruitment to retirement Development of institutional certain critical areas

 Critical areas where Institutional and individual competencies needed : Strategic communication Project management Change management Information management Defense resource management Acquisition Strategic planning Multi-year budgeting

Create a clear career path for defense civilian personnel, including up to USEC level Attract, recruit and train new personnel Establish a pool of researchers, specialists, analysts, strategic thinkers and policy makers Develop, implement and sustain individual programs geared towards national security and development

III. THE WAY FORWARD IN DEFENSE EDUCATION Harness the power of technology Active collaboration among defense educational institutions Robust Defense-academe/industry partnership

“The officer of today must be far more highly trained…than the officer of the past.” -British Sec of War Lord RB Haldane ( )

Thank you and Mabuhay!